Yields of nuclear fragments in the interactions of carbon nuclei with a beryllium target at a projectile energy of 0.6 G
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EMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS Experiment
Yields of Nuclear Fragments in the Interactions of Carbon Nuclei with a Beryllium Target at a Projectile Energy of 0.6 GeV per Nucleon B. M. Abramov1) , P. N. Alexeev1) , Yu. A. Borodin1), S. A. Bulychjov1), K. K. Gudima2) , I. A. Dukhovskoy1), A. P. Krutenkova1)* , V. V. Kulikov1), M. A. Martemianov1) , M. A. Matsyuk1), S. G. Mashnik3) , E. N. Turdakina1), and A. I. Khanov1) Received April 22, 201 6
Abstract—The yields of long-lived nuclear fragments at an angle of 3.5◦ that originate from the fragmentation of carbon ions with an energy of T0 = 0.6 GeV per nucleon on a beryllium target were measured in the FRAGM experiment at the ITEP TWA heavy-ion accelerator. The momentum spectra of these fragments cover both the fragmentation-maximum region and the cumulative region. The respective differential cross sections change by about five orders of magnitude. The momentum distributions of fragments in the laboratory frame and their kinetic-energy distributions in the rest frame of the fragmenting nucleus are used to test the predictions of four models of ion–ion interactions: BC, INCL++, LAQGSM03.03, and QMD. DOI: 10.1134/S1063778816050033
1. INTRODUCTION Investigation of the fragmentation of nuclei in intermediate-energy nucleus–nucleus collisions is of considerable interest both from the point of view of fundamental physics and from the point of view of applications. Work on creating programs for a Monte Carlo simulation of ion–ion interactions is a line of research that is being vigorously developed at the present time and which is motivated to a considerable extent by the need for evolving neutron sources, radiation-shield systems, and proton and heavy-ion therapy. These programs combine both up-to-date mechanisms well substantiated theoretically that govern hadron interactions in nuclei and hypothesized mechanisms invoked in order to improve the description of experimental data. The testing of these models on the basis of as broad range of experimental data as is possible is an indispensable stage along these line. In the present study, models are tested by invoking results of the FRAGM experiment characterized by the use of a very thin target, 1)
Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Bol’shaya Cheremuskinskaya ul. 25, Moscow, 117218 Russia. 2) Institute of Applied Physics, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Academiei str. 5, Chisinau, MD-2028 Republic of Moldova. 3) Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. * E-mail: [email protected]
measurements in inverse kinematics, detection of all long-lived fragments (that is, fragments whose lifetime is longer than 1 μs), and a wide range of cross sections and projectile-ion energy. This article reports on a continuation of the studies described in [1–6] and devoted to analyzing data on proton yields in carbon-ion fragmentation at projectile-ion energies between 0.3 and 2.0 GeV per nucleon and also presents preliminary data on the yields
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