Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) as an excellent vertebrate model for the development, reproductive, cardiovascular, and neural
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an excellent vertebrate model for the development, reproductive, cardiovascular, and neural and ocular development toxicity study of hazardous chemicals Chao Shen 1 & Zhenghong Zuo 1,2 Received: 30 May 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In the past decades, the type of chemicals has gradually increased all over the world, and many of these chemicals may have a potentially toxic effect on human health. The zebrafish, as an excellent vertebrate model, is increasingly used for assessing chemical toxicity and safety. This review summarizes the efficacy of zebrafish as a model for the study of developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, neurodevelopmental toxicity, and ocular developmental toxicity of hazardous chemicals, and the transgenic zebrafish as biosensors are used to detect the environmental pollutants. Keywords Zebrafish (Danio rerio) . Developmental toxicity . Reproductive toxicity . Cardiovascular toxicity . Neurodevelopmental toxicity . Ocular developmental toxicity . Transgenic zebrafish
Introduction In the past decades, the type of chemicals has gradually increased all over the world, and many of these chemicals may have a potentially toxic effect on human health. These synthetic chemicals are mainly used in agriculture, industry, manufacturing, food processing, and medical and other fields, which include persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (Zhang et al., 2016; Shi et al., 2018a), microplastics (Qiao et al., 2019), pesticides (Richardson et al., 2019), and nanomaterials (Malhotra et al., 2019). Well known is the toxicity of chemicals involved in endocrine dysfunction, birth defects, organ failure, metabolic diseases, cancer, and death (Judson et al., 2010; Orbach et al., 2018). Currently, there has been strong research on the effects of hazardous chemicals on multi-faceted epigenetic factors using various model systems (Blaze & Roth, 2015; Rosenfeld, 2010), including mouse, rat, Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * Zhenghong Zuo [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiamen 361002, Fujian, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, Fujian, China
zebrafish (Danio rerio), Arabidopsis, etc. Most of the studies are carried out using mammalian models, but have a lesser extent in non-mammalian models. Although using mammalian models can be very easily translated to humans, implementing in vivo studies on a snowballing list of chemicals is not cost-effective and time-consuming (Deveau et al., 2017; Sieber et al., 2019). Besides, human cells have been applied to proceed with high-throughput toxicity testing of chemical materials, but it does not reflect the harm of chemicals towards the whole organism (Orbach et al., 2018; O’Flaherty et al., 2020). Consequently, the safety and tox
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