Zinc Nutrition for Improving the Productivity and Grain Biofortification of Mungbean
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Zinc Nutrition for Improving the Productivity and Grain Biofortification of Mungbean Muhammad Umar Haider 1 & Mubshar Hussain 1 & Muhammad Farooq 2,3 & Ahmad Nawaz 4 Received: 27 October 2019 / Accepted: 26 February 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is grown worldwide because of its high protein contents, but its production is low due to zinc (Zn) deficiency in soil. This study was conducted to assess the best mungbean genotype and Zn application method to enhance productivity and grain Zn biofortification. Two mungbean genotypes NM-92 and NM-2006 were grown using three Zn application methods and their combinations, viz. osmopriming (0.01 M), soil application (10 kg ha−1), foliar application (0.5%), osmopriming + soil, osmopriming + foliar, foliar + soil, and osmopriming + foliar + soil, whereas hydropriming and no Zn application were used as control. The results indicated that stand establishment, allometric traits, grain yield, grain biofortification, net income, and benefitcost ratio were more in genotype NM-92 at both sites (Layyah and Multan). In pot experiment, Zn osmopriming + foliar application enhanced grain yield (90.3%) and osmopriming + foliar + soil Zn increased grain Zn concentration (45.1%) in genotype NM-92. Among the sites, at Layyah, Zn soil application + foliar enhanced grain yield (63%) and the combination of osmopriming + foliar + soil increased grain Zn concentration (79%) in genotype NM-92. At Multan site, the grain yield and grain Zn concentration were enhanced by 63.7% and 31.6%, respectively, in genotype “NM-92” with Zn soil application + foliar. The highest marginal net benefits were obtained with Zn foliar + soil application at both sites in mungbean genotype NM-92. The genotype NM-92 should be planted with Zn application as osmopriming + foliar + soil to attain better yield and grain Zn biofortification. Keywords Zinc . Osmopriming . Biofortification . Grain zinc concentration . Mungbean yield
1 Introduction Malnutrition due to intake of inadequate micronutrients (e.g., iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn)) in food is disturbing the health of world population (40%), and the situation is becoming worse Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00215-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mubshar Hussain [email protected] * Ahmad Nawaz [email protected] 1
Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
2
Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, 123 Muscat, Oman
3
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
4
College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus, Layyah 31200, Pakistan
in many developing countries day by day (Welch and Graham 2002; Jha and Warkentin 2020). Malnutrition may cause many health related issues including the stunting growth of children
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