Zinc Supplementation and Strength Exercise in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes: Akt and PTP1B Phosphorylation in Nonalcoholic F
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Zinc Supplementation and Strength Exercise in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes: Akt and PTP1B Phosphorylation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Ariel Vivero 1,2 & Manuel Ruz 2 & Matías Rivera 1 & Karen Miranda 1 & Camila Sacristán 3 & Alejandra Espinosa 3 & Juana Codoceo 2 & Jorge Inostroza 2 & Karla Vásquez 2 & Álvaro Pérez 2 & Diego García-Díaz 2 & Miguel Arredondo 1 Received: 12 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disorder caused by chronic hyperglycemia due to a deficiency in the secretion and/ or action of insulin. Zinc (Zn) supplementation and strength exercise increases insulin signaling. We evaluate the effect of Zn supplementation and strength exercise on insulin resistance in the liver of rats with diet-induced T2D through the study of phosphorylation of Akt and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks to induce T2D and then assigned in four experimental groups: HFD, HFD-Zn (Zn), HFD-strength exercise (Ex), and HFD-Zn/ strength exercise (ZnEx) and treated during 12 weeks. Serum Zn, lipid profile, transaminases, glucose, and insulin were measured. In the liver with/without insulin stimuli, total and phosphorylated Akt (pAktSer473) and PTP1B (pPTP1BSer50) were determined by western blot. Hepatic steatosis was evaluated by histological staining with red oil and intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content. There were no differences in biochemical and body-related variables. The ZnEx group showed a higher level of pAkt, both with/without insulin. The ZnEx group also showed higher levels of pPTP1B with respect to HFD and Zn groups. The ZnEx group had higher levels of pPTP1B than groups treated with insulin. Liver histology showed a better integrity and less IHTG in Ex and ZnEx with respect to the HFD group. The Ex and ZnEx groups had lower IHTG with respect to the HFD group. Our results showed that Zn supplementation and strength exercise together improved insulin signaling and attenuated nonalcoholic liver disease in a T2D rat model. Keywords Zinc . Exercise . Type 2 diabetes . NAFLD . Akt and PTP1B
Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to defective or lack of insulin secretion, alteration of its action, or both [1]. T2D is characterized by a loss of sensitivity to insulin, triggering a resistance to the hormone, resulting in a decrease in insulin secretion and long-term beta cell failure [2, 3]. T2D is a risk factor for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
* Miguel Arredondo [email protected] 1
Micronutrient Laboratory, Human Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile
2
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
3
Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
(NAFLD) [4]. Approxima
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