Relationship Between Zinc Status and DNA Oxidative Damage in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Relationship Between Zinc Status and DNA Oxidative Damage in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Hivi M. Mahmoud 1
&
Ardawan F. Ali 2 & Dhia J. Al-Timimi 1
Received: 23 April 2020 / Accepted: 21 June 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Although zinc deficiency increases the risk of oxidative DNA damage, data regarding the association between zinc and oxidative DNA damage in diabetes are controversial. In this article, we focus on serum zinc levels and its relation to an established biomarker of oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) in patients with type 2 diabetes, and to ascertain the beneficial effects of zinc supplementation on the level of oxidative DNA damage. The study consisted of 2 interrelated parts: The first part was a crosssectional study conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 297) and healthy individuals (n = 188). The second part was an interventional study that enrolled 38 diabetic patients with low zinc status and high DNA damage. The demographic parameters including age, gender, and body mass index were recorded, and DNA damage marker through 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels, and zinc status of serum zinc, was measured. Significantly higher 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels (P < 0.00) together with lower zinc levels (P < 0.001) were found in the diabetics compared to healthy controls. Patients with low zinc status had higher levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine compared to patients with normal zinc status. In diabetic patients, a negative correlation of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine was observed with zinc (P = 0.070). Zinc supplementation showed a significant decrease in 8hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine by (26.0%) and increased in serum zinc by (42.0%). Elevated 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels in conjunction with low zinc status may indicate a high degree of oxidative DNA damage in diabetic patients. The results confirm that zinc supplementation in this group may help correct abnormal levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine. Keywords Zinc . DNA damage . Antioxidant . Diabetes
Introduction Epidemiologic data support the antioxidant effect of zinc on oxidative DNA damage [1]. DNA damage most likely occurs when the endogenous antioxidant network and DNA repair systems are overwhelmed [2]. Many studies in the last decade have unambiguously shown that zinc is an independent risk factor for oxidative DNA damage. The data regarding the
* Hivi M. Mahmoud [email protected]; [email protected] Ardawan F. Ali [email protected] Dhia J. Al-Timimi [email protected] 1
Department of Medical Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
2
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Shekhan Technical College of Health, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
association of increased DNA damage and zinc deficiency in diabetes are controversial [3]. Oxidative damage to DNA has been demonstrated by measuring levels of 8-OHdG, a recognized biomarker of oxidant-induced DNA damage in mononuclear cells from diabetic
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