Zoned strategy for water pollutant emissions of China based on spatial heterogeneity analysis
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Zoned strategy for water pollutant emissions of China based on spatial heterogeneity analysis Yanqi Guo 1,2 & Yonggui Wang 1 & Xiaolong Chen 3 & Shuihua Yang 1 Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 16 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A zoned strategy based on the spatial heterogeneity of water pollutant emissions is helpful for water environment management. With principal component analysis and clustering analysis, 31 provincial administrative regions (not including Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan regions) of China with emissions of 12 kinds of water quality indicators had been categorized into 4 zone type regions. Zone type-1 is the largest emissions of heavy metals, including mining-developed provinces of Hunan and Jiangxi. Zone type-2 is constituted of economically and agriculturally developed with large COD, NH4+-N, TP, and TN emissions, including Hebei, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Guangdong, and Sichuan. Zone type-3 only contains Shanxi with massive oil and volatile phenol emissions. Zone type-4 is the other 19 provinces with small discharges of water pollutants. Zone type-4 could be divided into three subclasses which are related to the location of these areas. With these cluster zones, the targeted water pollutant emissions strategy has been put forward in the paper. These methods and ideas of this paper can be further applied to the analysis of spatial and temporal differentiation of pollutant discharges in basins. With the zoning regions, more concrete water pollution prevention and control strategies can be set at a national level. Keywords Zone strategy . Spatial heterogeneity . Water pollutant emissions . Water environment management . China
Introduction Excessive pollutant emission is the primary reason that caused water pollution. The spatial heterogeneity of pollutant Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Yonggui Wang [email protected] Yanqi Guo [email protected] Xiaolong Chen [email protected] Shuihua Yang [email protected] 1
Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2
College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People’s Republic of China
3
Beijing Tsinghua Holdings Human Settlements Environment Institute, Beijing 100083, China
emissions will lead to different pollution characteristics in different regions. It is widely believed that the water environment management policy should be formulated according to the emission characteristics of local areas (Withers and Lord 2002). Researches proved that zoning strategies are of prime importance for environment management and have been used in many fields, such as the forest management, urban growth management, and the water environment functional recognition (Sturn et al. 2002; Krcmar et al. 2003; Medeiros and Cabral 2013; Zhao et al. 2016). Consequently, there is a need for the government to clarify
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