Characterization of microbial communities in sediments of the South Yellow Sea
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Characterization of microbial communities in sediments of the South Yellow Sea* CHEN Ye1, 2, 3, LI Siqi1, 2, 3, XU Xiaoqing3, 4, MA Manman2, 3, 4, MI Tiezhu2, 3, 4, ZHEN Yu2, 3, 4, **, YU Zhigang2, 5 1 2
College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
3
Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
4
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
5
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education / Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Received Mar. 3, 2020; accepted in principle Apr. 6, 2020; accepted for publication May 18, 2020 © Chinese Society for Oceanology and Limnology, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Illumina sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) based on the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene were conducted to characterize the vertical distribution of bacterial and archaeal communities in the sediments of two sites from the South Yellow Sea. Both bacterial and archaeal communities showed a clear stratified distribution with sediment depth. The microbial communities in the upper layers were distinct from those in the deeper layers; the relative abundances of sequences of Thaumarchaeota, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were higher in the upper than in the deeper sediments, whereas the sequences of Bathyarchaeia, Lokiarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, Chloroflexi, and Deltaproteobacteria were relatively more abundant in the deeper sediments. Sediment depth and total organic carbon (TOC) can significantly influence both the bacterial and archaeal communities. Furthermore, bacterial and archaeal groups potentially involved in nitrogen, sulfur, and methane metabolism were detected in both sites. In our study, both ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (Nitrospira) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (Candidatus Nitrosopumilus) were responsible for ammonia oxidization. Additionally, sulfur-reducing bacteria SEEPSRB1 forming consortia with anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea ANME-2a-2b were capable of anaerobic methane oxidation (AOM) in the 3400-02 sediment samples. Keyword: microbial community; 16S rRNA gene; high-throughput sequencing; South Yellow Sea; sediment
1 INTRODUCTION Continental margins are the main interface between terrestrial sediment sources and deep-sea depositional systems (Covault and Fildani, 2014), although they occupy less than 20% of the ocean surface area (Walsh, 1991). Sediment receives microbes and organic matter exporting from the upper water layer, and provides complex nutrients and solid surfaces for the growth of microorganisms (Wang et al., 2012). The biomass and taxon richness of the microbial community in sediments are much higher than those in the corresponding water bodies (Zinger et a
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