3-D printed microreactor for continuous flow oxidation of a flavonoid
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3-D printed microreactor for continuous flow oxidation of a flavonoid Oyekunle Azeez Alimi 1 & Christianah Aarinola Akinnawo 1 & Oluwatayo R. Onisuru 1 & Reinout Meijboom 1 Received: 22 January 2020 / Revised: 27 February 2020 / Accepted: 10 March 2020 # Akadémiai Kiadó 2020
Abstract The scope of the present study aims at demonstrating the application of 3-D printing technology for catalytic applications. A novel microreactor containing immobilized palladium nanocatalyst (Pd/Co3O4) was designed and fabricated in-house for the efficient upgrade of liquid phase morin oxidation from batch to flow procedure. Reaction conditions such as time, reaction temperature, catalyst amount and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration were investigated to fully benchmark the catalytic efficiency in both systems. The conversion and the kinetic data obtained in both systems reveal that the reaction proceeds faster in the flow reactor compared to batch under similar reaction conditions. In addition to enhanced catalytic activity, the stability of both systems was evaluated exemplarily by recycling and reusing recovered catalyst. The microreactor demonstrates an extended service life based on the recyclability studies conducted. Based on these results, the simple, low-cost 3-D printed reactionwares described in this study appears as a promising approach for the oxidation of morin dye in continuous flow. Keywords Microreactor . 3-D printing . Continuous flow . Heterogeneous catalysis . Palladium nanoparticles
1. Introduction Continuous flow processes are now becoming more attractive, not only in the production of heavy chemicals but also in fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries [1, 2]. In continuousflow systems, reagents are continuously fed into a microreactor, and the product instantly leaves the reactor continuously. This ensures that there is no over-exposure of the reagents to reactions conditions that may lead to by-products, side-reactions and impurities [3, 4]. The term “microreactor” was initially referred to a small tubular device employed in the catalytic reaction. However, with increasing adoption of Highlights • 3D printed flow reactor was designed, fabricated and characterized. • Palladium nanoparticles supported mesoporous cobalt oxide (Pd/ Co3O4) catalyst was prepared and characterized. • The activity of the catalyst was investigated in batch and continuous flow system and the results are directly compared. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s41981-020-00089-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Reinout Meijboom [email protected] 1
Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa
microreaction technology, microreactors have become familiar with fabricated systems consisting of single or multiple sub-millimetre channels in which fluid are manipulated continuously and chemical transformat
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