3D Gel-Printing of TiC-Reinforced 316L Stainless Steel: Influence of the Printing Parameters
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3D Gel-Printing of TiC-Reinforced 316L Stainless Steel: Influence of the Printing Parameters Zhenhui Ji, Dechao Zhao, Junjie Hao, Xiaodong Zhang, and Junzi Wang (Submitted February 10, 2018; in revised form June 27, 2018) In this paper, the composite composed of TiC (35 wt.%) reinforced 316L stainless steel matrix was successfully prepared using a 3D gel-printing (3DGP) process. The ‘‘step effect’’ of 3D printing can be reduced using reasonable parameter settings. The properties of TiC/316L slurry for 3DGP and the influence of the different printing parameters on the surface quality of the samples, such as the extrusion overlaps and printing speed, were researched. The microstructure and fracture morphology of the sintered sample were revealed using scanning electron microscopy. The surface roughness, density, and mechanical properties were also measured. When the internal diameter of the nozzle was 0.50 mm, the result showed that the proper extrusion overlap parameter was 0.08 mm and the maximum printing speed was 20 mm/s. Furthermore, the minimum surface roughness value was 10 lm. After sintering, the mechanical performances were similar to those obtained using a conventional powder metallurgy process. Keywords
3D gel-printing, 316L stainless steel, additive manufacturing, metal matrix composites, TiC
1. Introduction Austenitic stainless steel is known for its excellent resistance to corrosion and good formability and, therefore, are used in the aerospace, defense, and biomedical domains. However, even though austenitic stainless steel is a desirable material, application of this material is limited by its low mechanical strength and poor anti-friction properties (Ref 1, 2). Metal matrix composites (MMCs) have received increasing attention in recent years due to their high specific modulus and strength, their thermal stability and their excellent wear resistance (Ref 3). Typically, the incorporation of the hard and temperature resistant ceramic particles into the steel matrix to produce MMCs is considered to be a promising method to improve the mechanical performances of steel (Ref 4). TiC has become an excellent reinforcement candidate for steel or iron-based composites due to its superior properties, e.g., high elastic modulus, high hardness, low heat conductivity, low density, good wettability and chemical stability with iron-based matrices (Ref 5). Additive manufacturing (AM), which is based on the layerby-layer incremental manufacturing concept, allows for the rapid fabrication of three-dimensional shapes with complex geometries. Unlike conventional material machining methods, AM processes have the advantages of creating dense parts directly from a 3D computer-aided design (CAD) database or a 3D scanning systems database in an entirely opposite philosophy, i.e., material incremental manufacturing. Due to the high
Zhenhui Ji, Dechao Zhao, Junjie Hao, Xiaodong Zhang, and Junzi Wang, Institute for Advanced Material and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijin
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