A Combined Method of Leaching and Co-Precipitation for Recycling Spent Lini 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 Cathode Materials: Pro
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04263-9 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
ELECTROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSING
A Combined Method of Leaching and Co-Precipitation for Recycling Spent Lini0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Cathode Materials: Process Optimization and Performance Aspects XUAN YANG,1,2 PENG DONG,2,4 TAO HAO,2 YINGJIE ZHANG,1,2,5 QI MENG,2,6 QINGXIANG LI,3,7 and SIYUAN ZHOU1,2 1.—Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China. 2.—National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China. 3.—Shenzhen Zhongjin Lingnan Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518118, China. 4.—e-mail: [email protected]. 5.—e-mail: [email protected]. 6.—e-mail: [email protected]. 7.—e-mail: [email protected]
A novel recycling process of spent LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode materials has been developed. The process comprises acid leaching followed by regeneration of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 materials with carbonate co-precipitation. Spent LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 materials were effectively leached in sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide solution. The leaching efficiencies were 97.8% for Li, 98.1% for Ni, 96.5% for Co, and 97.0% for Mn under the optimized conditions of H2O2 concentration of 3 vol.%, sulfuric acid concentration of 3.0 mol/L, solid–liquid ratio of 20 g/L, leaching temperature of 80C, and reaction time of 60 min. Subsequently, LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode materials were regenerated from the leaching solution. A regenerated LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode produced a great initial discharge capacity of 173.4 mAh g1 at 0.1 C under a calcination temperature of 850C. The capacity retention reached 93.6% after 100 cycles at 1 C. The novel process here would be applied in actual industrial production.
INTRODUCTION Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in portable electronic products, medical devices, aerospace, and other fields due to their high specific capacity, good cycle performance, and safety performance.1,2 However, the cycle life of LIBs is only about 3–5 years. It can be estimated that the output of spent LIBs in China is expected to be 101 GWh by 2023, as shown in supplementary Fig. S-1.3 Spent LIBs contain many toxic metals, such as Cu, Ni, Co, etc., and electrolytes, such as LiPF6, EC, DMC, etc., which will cause great harm to the environment and human health.4,5 Meanwhile, spent LIBs contain many valuable metals, such as Ni, Co, Mn, etc. Xuan Yang and Peng Dong contributed equally to this work and share first authorship. (Received December 30, 2019; accepted June 29, 2020)
Recycling of spent LIBs helps to protect the environment and avoid the waste of valuable metals.6 It is important to study the recycling process of LIBs. Generally, recycling methods of spent LIBs mainly include pyrometallurgical 7–9 and hydrometallurgical proce
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