A comparison study of test organism species and methodologies for combined toxicity assay of copper ions and zinc ions
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SHORT RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION ARTICLE
A comparison study of test organism species and methodologies for combined toxicity assay of copper ions and zinc ions Jingting He 1 & Shuaining Ma 2 & Ling Liu 2 & Chang Liu 1 & Shaojun Dong 2 Received: 27 May 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The general toxicity assays for evaluating the risk of aquatic environment were commonly based on single-species test organism models. Thus, the lack and conflict of the different responses among species had hindered researchers to assess the real toxicity of a target toxicant. Therefore, the difference between the test species and their corresponding methodologies was investigated in this work and three species, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (a fish), were chosen as the test organism for typical prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and vertebrates, respectively. More specifically, we investigated (i) the individual and combined toxicity of Cu2+ and Zn2+ by the three test organisms; (ii) the different evaluation manners for the test organisms, including IC50 and toxic unit (TU) model for microorganisms by respiratory toxicity assay and enzyme-substrate assay, while survival time for fish; and (iii) the states of test organism, including suspended and immobilized states for microorganisms. The combined effects, including synergistic (Vt < Vp), antagonistic (Vt > Vp) and additive effects for the three species, were complex as that they were usually dose-dependent and could be changed by the different evaluation manners. The present work was useful for enriching of the associated theory and the insights from this work could open the way for further practical risk assessments. Keywords Risk assessment . Toxicity assay . Combined toxicity . Electrochemical method . Escherichia coli . Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Introduction Along with the growing concern on the possible effect of water pollution to organisms, it has been massively encouraged to develop the test technology on biotoxicity (Bownik Responsible Editor: Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-02011444-1. * Ling Liu [email protected] * Chang Liu [email protected] 1
College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China
2
State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
2017; Hanrahan et al. 2004; Xiao et al. 2015). Despite the general recognition that prompt detection of toxic compounds being essential for controlling acute and chronic toxic pollution and thus guaranteeing the public health, there is not a uniform criterion of toxicity assay in practice. It is mainly due to the reason that the results obtained under a preset experimental condition cannot be easily compared to the ones obtained by other experiments, espec
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