A critical review of the applicability of serological screening for Leishmaniasis in blood banks in Brazil
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REVIEW ARTICLE
A critical review of the applicability of serological screening for Leishmaniasis in blood banks in Brazil Wellington Francisco Rodrigues1 • Niege Silva Mendes2 • Patrı´cia de Carvalho Ribeiro3,4 • Daniel Mendes Filho4,5 • Ricardo Cambraia Parreira4,6,7 • Karen Cristina Barbosa Chaves8 Melissa Carvalho Martins de Abreu9 • Camila Botelho Miguel9,10
•
Received: 28 March 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 Ó Indian Society for Parasitology 2020
Abstract Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases caused by several species of protozoa. It is a major public health concern in its visceral form, accounting annually for 59,000 deaths, and an estimated 12 million infected patients per year. The importance of VL resides not only in its high incidence and wide distribution but also in the possibility of the disease progressing to the severe and lethal forms, especially in children and immunosuppressed individuals, when associated with malnutrition and
& Camila Botelho Miguel [email protected] 1
Health Sciences, Federal University of Triaˆngulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
2
Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeira˜o Preto, University of Sa˜o Paulo (USP), Ribeira˜o Preto, SP, Brazil
3
Laboratory of Immunology and Experimental Transplantation, Medical School of Sa˜o Jose´ do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Sa˜o Jose´ do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
4
Nanocell Institute, Divino´polis, Brazil
5
Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeira˜o Preto, University of Sa˜o Paulo (USP), Ribeira˜o Preto, SP, Brazil
6
Biochemistry and Immunology by the Institute of Biological Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
7
University Centre of Mineiros (UNIFIMES), Trindade, GO, Brazil
8
Health Sciences from the Federal University of Sa˜o Paulo (UNIFESP), Sa˜o Paulo, SP, Brazil
9
University Centre of Mineiros (UNIFIMES), Rua 22, Setor Aeroporto, Mineiros, GO 75.830-000, Brazil
10
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Triaˆngulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
concomitant infections. This study is a bibliographical review, aiming to understand the sensitivity and specificity parameters of the tests used to detect Leishmaniasis, as well as to understand if there is any relevance in proposing a serological screening for Leishmaniasis in blood banks. In general, we observed that there are currently several types of tests for detecting Leishmaniasis: parasitological, serological and molecular. In such tests, many serological methods and kits are available for the detection of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis, but there is variability in sensitivity and specificity among the methods. The gold standard for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis is the parasitological method, through the aspiration of bone marrow, with higher sensitivity by splenic puncture. Due to the relevance of the disease and the available data from research centers, there is evidence to propose a transfusion serological screening for visceral Leishmaniasis, p
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