A critical review on recent developments in MOF adsorbents for the elimination of toxic heavy metals from aqueous soluti
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REVIEW ARTICLE
A critical review on recent developments in MOF adsorbents for the elimination of toxic heavy metals from aqueous solutions Lata Rani 1,2 & Jyotsna Kaushal 1
&
Arun Lal Srivastav 3 & Pooja Mahajan 1
Received: 22 May 2020 / Accepted: 6 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Effective and substantial remediation of contaminants especially heavy metals from water is still a big challenge in terms of both environmental and biological perspectives because of their adverse effects on the human health. Many techniques including adsorption, ion exchange, co-precipitation, chemical reduction, ultrafiltration, etc. are reported for eliminating heavy metal ions from the water. However, adsorption has preferred because of its simple and easy handlings. Several types of adsorbents are observed and documented well for the purpose. Recently, highly porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were developed by incorporating metals and organic ligands together and claimed as potent adsorbents for the remediation of highly toxic heavy metals from the aqueous solutions due to their unique features like greater surface area, high chemical stability, green and reuse material, etc. In this review, the authors discussed systematically some recent developments about secure MOFs to eliminate the toxic metals such as arsenic (both arsenite and arsenate), chromium(VI), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb). MOFs are observed as the most efficient adsorbents with greater selectivity as well as high adsorption capacity for metallic contamination. Keywords MOFs . Ligands . Adsorption . Water contaminants . Heavy metals
Introduction Today, environmental degradation has been recognized as the most significant global problem. Out of which, water pollution is also a big concern because of rapid industrialization and urbanization (Kumar et al. 2018). Approximately 1 billion people of the world do not get safe and clean water and about 2 million loss their life every year due to polluted water (Gleick 2003). Moreover, the World Health Organization (WHO) specified that climate change will increase this problem of potable water for the half of the global people (World
Responsible editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr * Jyotsna Kaushal [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Centre for Water Sciences, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
2
Chitkara University School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
3
Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
Health Organization). According to the United Nations scheme, the world would have shortage of 40% water in the next 15 years. Polluted water is also very hazardous for water bodies as every year it causes death of 1 million marines, according to the UNESCO (WWAP 2015). Water pollution is caused by various pollutants such as organic and inorganic which are ad
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