A dual-template defective 3DOMM-TiO 2-x for enhanced non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose determination
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A dual-template defective 3DOMM-TiO2-x for enhanced non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose determination Quan Li1, Lei Chen1, Chunyu Guo1, Xin Liu2, Dezhi Han3, and Wentai Wang1,*
1
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China 2 Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China 3 College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
Received: 19 July 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 16 October 2020
A defective three dimensionally ordered macro-mesoporous TiO2-X (3DOMMTiO2-X) was successfully prepared through dual-template method and applied as non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor. The introduced oxygen vacancies and Ti3? defects through defect engineering, as well as the macro-mesoporous structure induced by dual template, synergistically improve the performance of glucose determination. The Nafion/3DOMM-TiO2-X/FTO electrode shows better current response to glucose than commercial P25 and 3DOM-TiO2. A two-stage wide detection linear range of 1 lM * 2.32 mM and 2.32 mM * 14.72 mM was observed, with the sensitivity of 14.11 lA mM-1 cm-2 and 3.44 lA mM-1 cm-2, detection limits of 0.15 lM and 0.63 lM (S/N = 3), respectively. The electrode also exhibits superior reproducibility, stability, and selectivity performance. Furthermore, a reactive oxygen species oxidation mechanism was proposed and investigated. The Nafion/3DOMM-TiO2-X/FTO electrode also exhibits the potential as a photoelectrochemical electrode. Our results indicate the feasibility of the strategies to enhance the sensing ability by improving electronic conductivity through constructing 3DOMM porous structure and defect engineering.
Published online: 30 October 2020
Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Introduction The glucose level in blood is critical to human beings, as the fluctuation of glucose level may cause diabetes or hypoglycemia, which could induce serious
damages to human organs and physiological systems. Therefore, glucose detection has attracted great interests in the fields of clinical diagnosis [1], food industry [2], environmental monitoring [3], and biofuel cells [4]. Various methods have been developed
Handling Editor: Christopher Blanford. Quan Li and Lei Chen have made equal contribution.
Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05470-0
J Mater Sci (2021) 56:3414–3429
to determine the level of glucose, such as spectral [5], chromatographic [6], colorimetric [7], and photoelectric chemical methods [8], etc. Among which, the electrochemical method is widely investigated due to their low cost, simple operation, high sensitivity, and reliability [9, 10]. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic sensors are the two types of electrochemical glucose sensors [11]. The enzymatic glucose sensors are highly sensitive and s
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