Microstrip Patch Antenna
The demand for smaller, conformable antennas with desired properties has made antenna Engineers to device better ways of making antennas. The patch antenna comes to the rescue, as it provides the features needed in antennas used in the telecoms, meteorolo
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eywords Circular patch Dielectrics Directivity Electromagnetic and magnet plane Microstrip patch antenna Rectangular Resonant frequency
N. Nkordeh (&) F. Idachaba O. Oni EIE Department, Covenant University, Km 10, Idiroko Road, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria e-mail: [email protected] F. Idachaba e-mail: [email protected] O. Oni e-mail: [email protected] I. Bob-Manuel Kakatar Group, Maitama, Abuja, Nigeria e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 S.-I. Ao et al. (eds.), Transactions on Engineering Technologies, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1088-0_39
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1 Introduction Antenna is a device that transforms travelling waves in a conductor to propagating electromagnetic waves in free space; it is the connection between the transmission lines and the free space. Antenna exhibits the property of reciprocity- i.e., an antenna will maintain the same property in a communication link irrespective of whether it is operating as a transmitter or as a receiver. Antennas have become ubiquitous in this digital age, as it provides the coverage for connectivity through its radiation pattern. Microstrip antennas are desirable due to their light weight, conformability and low cost. The Microstrip antenna is made up of a very thin metallic patch placed a small fraction of wavelength above a ground plane in a dielectric substrate (h \ ko ; usually 0.003 ko 0:005ko Þ; where ko ¼ free space wavelength: [1]. For example the rectangular patch antenna is approximately a-one half wavelength long section of a rectangular Microstrip line [2]. Microstrip Patch Antenna are typically used at frequencies between 1 and 100 GHz [2]. The Microstrip patch antenna is designed so its pattern maxima is normal to the patch; this can be achieved by choosing the appropriate excitation technique. The Microstrip patch antenna consist of a radiating patch on one side of the dielectric substrate which has a ground plane on the other side. Microstrip Patch Antenna come in conformable shapes like square, rectangle, elliptical, circular etc. Microstrip Patch Antennas radiate primarily because of the fringing fields between the patch edge and the ground plane. In the design of patch antennas, there has to be a compromise between antenna’s dielectrics value, dimensions (i.e. thickness and size) and antenna performance-these variables affect the antenna performance. [3] For good antenna performance, a dielectric with low value but high thickness is required, as this provide better efficiency, larger bandwidth and better radiation. However, such a design leads to antenna of larger size. In order to reduce the size, a higher dielectric constant should be used, but this results in a Microstrip with less efficiency and narrow bandwidth due to its high quality factor [4]. Microstrip Patch Antenna generally have very high quality factor (Q) .High Quality factor, which is inherent in Microstrip Patch Antenna leads to lower efficiency and narrow ba
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