Microstrip Patch Antenna: A Review
Technology is getting advanced day by day. Antennas used in earlier days were generally larger in size. Now days in most of the applications, larger antennas are replaced by patch antennas. There are different shapes of patch antennas like triangular, cir
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Abstract Technology is getting advanced day by day. Antennas used in earlier days were generally larger in size. Now days in most of the applications, larger antennas are replaced by patch antennas. There are different shapes of patch antennas like triangular, circular, rectangular, fractal, etc. Each has its own characteristics, limitations, advantages, and disadvantages. Apart from this, the feed technique also has a great impact on performance of the antenna. In this paper a review is done on the basis of feed techniques, shape and the dielectrics used during the design process of the antenna. Keywords Microstrip patch antenna (MPA) Microstrip feed Return loss
Fractal antenna Coaxial feed
1 Introduction In recent years, communication technology has reached to a new standard especially wireless communication. The size of the system has reduced drastically. Digital Signal Processing in the baseband of system has become stronger. In the RF domain the antenna size also has reduced and thus the system has become more portable. Instead of using larger antenna, Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) is now the first choice of any system designer. This kind of antenna is easy to fabricate A.K. Singh (&) R. Bera Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim Manipal University, Majitar 737136, Sikkim, India e-mail: [email protected] R. Bera e-mail: [email protected] B. Maji Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, India e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 A. Kalam et al. (eds.), Advances in Electronics, Communication and Computing, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 443, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4765-7_33
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with involvement of very less capital. The MPA geometry can change as triangular, rectangular, circular etc. [2]. Out of these shapes rectangular patch antenna is considered as favorites because of ease of fabrication, analysis, and low cross polarization [3]. Initially the MPA was designed to operate in a single band. Later there was growing demand of multiple band antennas, i.e., antenna which can operate for several bands which leads the device to become capable to receive multiple services offered by different wireless technology networks like Bluetooth (2.4 GHz), WiMAX (3.5 GHz), WLAN (2.4 and 5.7 GHz). The above-said application requires wider bandwidth, high speed data transmission. For best performance, high radiation efficiency, small size, and low return loss impendence matching are the pre-requisites for the designing of MPA. A proper selection of patch parameter and position of feed will meet the desired system performance like resonating frequency, gain, and directivity [4]. The resonating frequency changes due to inductive loading provided by the feed position on the patch. The dielectrics used in the antenna also play a very important role in evaluating the performance of the ante
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