A glassy polyvinyl alcohol/silica gel hybrid composite for safranin removal: Adsorption, kinetic and thermodynamic studi
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A glassy polyvinyl alcohol/silica gel hybrid composite for safranin removal: Adsorption, kinetic and thermodynamic studies Mahmoud M. Kamel1 · Ibrahim H. Alsohaimi1 · Mosaed S. Alhumaimess1 · Hassan M. A. Hassan1,2 · Mutairah S. Alshammari1 · Mohamed Y. El‑Sayed1,3 Received: 18 June 2020 / Accepted: 21 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The potency of the prepared glassy polyvinyl alcohol/silica gel hybrid composite to remove safranin from aqueous solutions has been explored. The obtained hybrid composite was firstly characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX and TGA. Factors affecting the safranin removal process like pH, adsorption time, initial concentration of dye, adsorbent amount and temperature, were fully investigated. The obtained data were treated using four kinetically models and two adsorption isotherm models. Results of kinetic study revealed that the pseudo first order was good in agreement with experimental results rather than pseudo second order, Weber and Morris Intraparticle model and Elovich model. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms revealed that Langmuir model was suitable and well compatible with experimental results than Freundlich one. The maximum adsorption capacities at 293, 303 and 318 K were 9.5, 11 and 12.5 mg g−1, respectively. Thermodynamic studies surmised that the removal process was spontaneous, endothermic and physisorption controlled (ΔHo = 17.48 kJ mol−1). Keywords Polyvinyl alcohol · Silica gel · Safranin · Adsorption · Kinetic · Thermodynamics
* Mahmoud M. Kamel [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, PO Box 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Introduction Nowadays, with the enormous growing of several industries, the protection of environment should be controlled to be free of the industrial effluent pollutants. Dyes are considered as an origin of water pollution since they have been broadly applied in a large scale in paint, paper, textile, food, cosmetic and pigment manufacturing [1, 2]. The chemistry of dye molecule is usually complex and mainly contains an aromatic moiety. They have diverse structures and contain two basic functional groups such O2) and chromophoric group (NR2, NHR, as auxochromes group (N2, NO and N NH2, COOH and OH) [3, 4]. The complexity of dye structure makes its degradation too hard. Streaming dyes to water sources result in several difficult problems; they convert the water colure to the undesirable one, hinder light penetration to some extent and act as a destructive impact on living organism [2]. Safranin is a synthetic cationic azine dye which is water soluble and it is used in several industrial applications [5]. Safranin contamination like many dyes causes several acute health problems including stomach, mouth, eyes, lips and throat [6]. Since, the treatment of polluted aqueous soluti
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