A miniaturized and high-bandwidth polarization filter based on a plasmonic and liquid crystal offset core photonic cryst
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A miniaturized and high‑bandwidth polarization filter based on a plasmonic and liquid crystal offset core photonic crystal fiber Linghong Jiang1 · Guoxu Zhang1 · Yiyang Zhang1 · Jinhong Zou2 · Chao Wang1 · Yuefeng Qi3 · Lantian Hou3 Received: 28 December 2019 / Accepted: 29 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Miniaturized and broadband polarization-dependent filters with high crosstalk values are extremely desirable for practical applications in the fields of optical communications and sensing. A miniaturized photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with highly broadband polarization filtering properties is proposed in this paper. Two relatively large air holes coated with a gold film on opposite sides of the liquid crystal-filled offset core are introduced in this PCF structure to produce highly broadband polarization-dependent filtering transmissions. The impacts of the filtering properties with variable structural parameters have been studied based on the finite element method. By altering the gold film thickness (t) to be 18.7 nm and 13.8 nm, the proposed broadband polarization filter offers high resonance peaks of 2041.79 dB/cm and 2342.88 dB/cm for y-polarized mode at the wavelengths of 1.31 μm and 1.55 μm, while the corresponding loss for x-polarized one is 0.10 dB/cm and 0.83 dB/cm, respectively. Moreover, the crosstalk of the 100-μm-long PCF polarization filter with t = 18.7 nm and t = 13.8 nm is up to 177.34 dB and 203.43 dB at 1.31 μm and 1.55 μm, respectively. As the fiber length is 100 μm, the bandwidth with the crosstalk less than − 20 dB can be up to 1200 nm, from 1.2 to 2.4 μm. In addition, the proposed broadband and miniaturized PCF filter is not sensitive to the temperature variation and exhibits stable filtering characteristics with the ± 1% fabrication tolerances. Keywords Photonic crystal fiber · Polarization filter · Liquid crystal offset core · Surface plasmons
* Linghong Jiang [email protected] 1
Intelligence and Information Engineering College, Tangshan University, Tangshan 063000, China
2
Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330108, China
3
State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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1 Introduction Surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs) are a state of electromagnetic waves, which are localized on the metal dielectric interface as a result of the intense interactions of free-electrons and photons(Schmidt et al. 2008). Introducing surface plasmons into the optical fibers can contribute to realizing the miniaturization of the photonic devices and increasing the sensitivity of optical sensors. As a kind of special optical fiber, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with unique optical properties and flexible structural designs have promoted the development of plasmonic sensors (Rifat et al. 2016, 2018), in-fiber devices (Carvalho et al.2018; Ye et al. 2018), and polarizers(Zhang et al. 2007; Khaleque and Hatto
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