Highly birefringent slotted core photonic crystal fiber for terahertz waveguiding
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Highly birefringent slotted core photonic crystal fiber for terahertz waveguiding Aboulwafa M. Singer1,2 · Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed1,2,3 · Ahmed M. Heikal1,3 · H. A. El‑Mikati1 · S. S. A. Obayya3 Received: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 20 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A novel porous core photonic crystal fiber (PC-PCF) is suggested and analyzed for terahertz waveguiding. The PC-PCF has a TOPAS background material with suspended asymmetric slotted core. Therefore, high birefringence of 0.09 is achieved with small material absorption losses of 0.016 cm−1 and 0.028 cm−1 for the quasi transverse electric (TE) and quasi transverse magnetic (TM) modes, respectively at f = 1.5 THz. Additionally low bending losses of 2.63 × 10–24 cm−1 and 8.16 × 10–36 cm−1 are obtained for the quasi TE and quasi TM modes, respectively at 1.0 cm bending radius and f = 1.5 THz. Further, the PCPCF has an ultra-flat low dispersion of 0.54 ± 0.08 ps/THz/cm and 0.94 ±0.1 ps/THz/cm for the quasi TE and TM modes, respectively within the frequency range of 0.8–1.2 THz. Therefore, the reported SSCPCF has a strong potential for usage in the Terahertz regime. Keywords Photonic crystal fiber · Porous core · Slotted core · Terahertz waveguiding · Bending losses · Dispersion
1 Introduction Recently, terahertz (THz) spectral range has gained a growing interest due to its versatile promising applications in telecommunication, medical science, spectroscopy, security, imaging, and sensing (Chen et al. 2000; Chowdhury et al. 2017; Islam et al. 2017 a, b, 2018 a, b; Jacobsen et al. 1996; Thenmozhi et al. 2017; Woodward et al. 2003; Zhang and Grischkowsky 2004). The dry air exhibits approximately no material absorption loss in the THz band. However, unavoidable losses occur due to coupling, transporting and beam managing (Chen et al. * Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed [email protected] * S. S. A. Obayya [email protected] 1
Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Nanotechnology and Nanoelectronics Engineering Program, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
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Centre for Photonics and Smart Materials, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
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2013) as well as atmosphere-dependent losses (Zhang et al. 2014). Therefore, long-distance communication is a challenge problem in the THz regime. Recently, photonic crystal fiber (PCF) (Hameed et al. 2010, 2012, 2015) has been introduced to overcome the THz losses (Singer et al. 2020). In this context, highly birefringent PCF with porous core has been used to reduce the material losses with high power confinement in the dry air (Poli et al. 2007; Skorobogatiy and Yang 2009; Zolla 2005). High birefringence has been achieved by using asymmetric cladding (Yue et al. 2007) or core (Chen and Shen 2007; Kim et al. 2012) regions. Atakramians et al. (200
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