A natural plant growth promoter calliterpenone from a plant Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl improves the plant growth promot
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A natural plant growth promoter calliterpenone from a plant Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl improves the plant growth promoting effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) Deepamala Maji • Deepti Barnawal • Aakansha Gupta • Shikha King • A. K. Singh A. Kalra
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Received: 13 October 2012 / Accepted: 14 December 2012 / Published online: 28 December 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012
Abstract Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of calliterpenone, a natural plant growth promoter from a shrub Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl., in enhancing the growth and yield promoting effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), in menthol mint (Mentha arvensis L).This study is based on our previous results indicating the microbial growth promotion by calliterpenone and assumption that application of calliterpenone along with PGPRs will improve the population of PGPRs resulting in higher impacts on plant growth and yield. Of the 15 PGPRs (identified as potent ones in our laboratory), 25 ll of 0.01 mM calliterpenone (8.0 lg/100 ml) was found to be useful in improving the population of nine PGPRs in culture media. The five selected strains of PGPRs exhibiting synergy with calliterpenone in enhancing growth of maize compared to PGPR or calliterpenone alone were selected and tested on two cultivars (cvs. Kosi and Kushal) of M. arvensis. Of the five strains, Bacillus subtilis P-20 (16S rDNA sequence homologous to Accession No NR027552) and B. subtilis Daz-26 (16SrDNA sequence homologuos to Accession No GU998816) were found to be highly effective in improving the herb and essential oil yield in the cultivars Kushal and Kosi respectively when co-treated with calliterpenone. The results open up the possibilities of using a natural growth
D. Maji D. Barnawal A. Gupta S. King A. Kalra (&) Microbial Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India e-mail: [email protected] A. K. Singh Herbal and Medicinal Products Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
promoter along with PGPRs as a bio-agri input for sustainable and organic agriculture. Keywords PGPR
Calliterpenone Mentha Essential oil
Introduction With the growing population, especially in developing countries like India, there is increasing pressure for maximizing yields through indiscriminate use of chemicals in agriculture. The widespread application of agrochemicals to intensify crop cultivation is known to severely affect arable soils. An ecofriendly approach to reduce the use of these chemicals is by use of preparations based on microbial agents, such as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) (Whipps 2001). During the past several decades, many researchers have studied various PGPR strains for their capacity to improve the plant growth and yield and to control the plant pathogens under greenhouse and field conditions (Kloepper et al. 2004; Leeman et al. 1995; McSpaddenGar
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