Plant growth regulators: a sustainable approach to combat pesticide toxicity
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Plant growth regulators: a sustainable approach to combat pesticide toxicity Sadaf Jan1 · Rattandeep Singh1 · Renu Bhardwaj2 · Parvaiz Ahmad3 · Dhriti Kapoor1 Received: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 26 September 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Pesticides are chemical substances intended for preventing or controlling pests. These are toxic substances which contaminate soil, water bodies and vegetative crops. Excessive use of pesticides may cause destruction of biodiversity. In plants, pesticides lead to oxidative stress, inhibition of physiological and biochemical pathways, induce toxicity, impede photosynthesis and negatively affect yield of crops. Increased production of reactive oxygen species like superoxide radicals, O −2 hydrogen − peroxide, H2O2; singlet oxygen, O 2; hydroxyl radical, O H ; and hydroperoxyl radical H O2−, causes damage to protein, lipid, carbohydrate and DNA within plants. Plant growth regulators (PGR) are recognized for promoting growth and development under optimal as well as stress conditions. PGR combat adverse effect by acting as chemical messenger and under complex regulation, enable plants to survive under stress conditions. PGR mediate various physiological and biochemical responses, thereby reducing pesticide-induced toxicity. Exogenous applications of PGRs, such as brassinosteroid, cytokinins, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, etc., mitigate pesticide toxicity by stimulating antioxidant defense system and render tolerance towards stress conditions. They provide resistance against pesticides by controlling production of reactive oxygen species, nutrient homeostasis, increase secondary metabolite production, and trigger antioxidant mechanisms. These phytohormones protect plants against oxidative damage by activating mitogen-stimulated protein kinase cascade. Current study is based on reported research work that has shown the effect of PGR in promoting plant growth subjected to pesticide stress. The present review covers the aspects of pesticidal response of plants and evaluates the contribution of PGRs in mitigating pesticide-induced stress and increasing the tolerance of plants. Further, the study suggests the use of PGRs as a tool in mitigating effects of pesticidal stress together with improved growth and development. Keywords Antioxidant defense system · Nutrient homeostasis · Oxidative stress · Pesticides · Photosynthesis
* Dhriti Kapoor [email protected]; [email protected] Sadaf Jan [email protected] Rattandeep Singh [email protected] Renu Bhardwaj [email protected] Parvaiz Ahmad [email protected] 1
School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
2
Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
3
Department of Botany, S.P College, Cluster University, Srinagar, Kashmir 190005, India
Abbreviations DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane IMI Imidacloprid OCs Organochlori
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