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Peter Brusov Tatiana Filatova Natali Orekhova

Ratings

Critical Analysis and New Approaches of Quantitative and Qualitative Methodology

Contributions to Finance and Accounting

The book series ‘Contributions to Finance and Accounting’ features the latest research from research areas like financial management, investment, capital markets, financial institutions, FinTech and financial innovation, accounting methods and standards, reporting, and corporate governance, among others. Books published in this series are primarily monographs and edited volumes that present new research results, both theoretical and empirical, on a clearly defined topic. All books are published in print and digital formats and disseminated globally.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/16616

Peter Brusov • Tatiana Filatova • Natali Orekhova

Ratings Critical Analysis and New Approaches of Quantitative and Qualitative Methodology

Peter Brusov Financial University Under the Government of Russian Federation Moscow, Russia

Tatiana Filatova Financial University Under the Government of Russian Federation Moscow, Russia

Natali Orekhova High School of Business Southern Federal University Rostov-on-Don, Russia

ISSN 2730-6038 ISSN 2730-6046 (electronic) Contributions to Finance and Accounting ISBN 978-3-030-56242-7 ISBN 978-3-030-56243-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56243-4 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Dedicated to our dear children and to our nice grandchildren

Preface

The monograph develops new modern methodologies for