A new attempt for early warning of unstable rocks based on vibration parameters
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A new attempt for early warning of unstable rocks based on vibration parameters Yan Du 1,2,3
&
Yongdu Lu 1 & Mowen Xie 1 & Jinlu Jia 2
Received: 27 August 2019 / Accepted: 1 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Rock collapse is a type of fast-moving mass wasting process common in mountainous areas worldwide, and it is hard to predict when collapse will occur. In the experiment, we monitored vibration parameters to predict the time of rock collapse. The results show that the vibration amplitude and fundamental vibration frequency had obvious variations before rock failure, which was consistent with the predicted results of the theoretical model. As the rock became unstable, the vibration amplitude increased by more than 5 times, and the fundamental vibration frequency decreased to less than 41%. Therefore, the monitoring method based on the vibration parameters can record obvious failure precursors for unstable rocks. Our results further develop and refine ambient vibration methods used for implementing the early warning of rock collapse. Keywords Rock collapse . Vibration amplitude . Fundamental vibration frequency . Early warning
Introduction Rock collapse is a type of fast-moving mass wasting process common in mountainous areas worldwide that cannot be predicted in space and time (Katz et al. 2011). Commonly used technologies for rockfall monitoring include light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems, laser scanning methods, GPS receivers, geographical information systems (GISs), and video image recognition systems (Lan et al. 2007; Lan et al. 2010; Lato et al. 2012; Youssef and Maerz 2012). Although these commonly used monitoring methods have been effective to a certain level, they still suffer deficiencies in the early warning of rock collapse (Yan et al. 2019). The instability and damage of rocks depend on the condition of the surface structure. With the opening of cracks and the decline in the bonding strength of the structure, the rock will be under low confinement
* Yan Du [email protected] 1
Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Space Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2
Comprehensive Institute of Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying, Ministry of Construction, Beijing 100007, China
3
School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
conditions, and then, sudden collapse will occur (Kaiser and Kim 2015). In this process, the displacement index does not change obviously, but the vibration index may change (Amitrano et al. 2005; Levy et al. 2011). Hence, monitoring the vibration index can offer a foundation for early warning of rock collapse (Du et al. 2019; Jia et al. 2019). Got et al. (2010) monitored the displacement and seismic activity of an unstable vertical rock slice in a natural limestone cliff and showed that vibration analysis may complement that of inverse displacement velocity analysis for e
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