A new species of hagfish, Eptatretus albiderma sp. nov. (Agnatha: Myxinidae), from Vietnam, with the keys to species of
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A new species of hagfish, Eptatretus albiderma sp. nov. (Agnatha: Myxinidae), from Vietnam, with the keys to species of Eptatretus in East Asia Young Sun Song 1 & Jin-Koo Kim 1 Received: 4 May 2020 / Revised: 29 June 2020 / Accepted: 1 July 2020 # Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung 2020
Abstract The whitish hagfish, Eptatretus albiderma sp. nov., was collected from the northeast Sea of Vietnam (Da Nang). This new species possesses six pairs of gill apertures, three multicusps, 18–21 prebranchial slime pores, absent or one branchial slime pore, and whitish to pinkish body color. Eptatretus albiderma sp. nov. can be readily distinguished from Eptatretus atami (Dean, 1904) and Eptatretus sheni (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) by the numbers of total cusps (41–43 vs. 47–52 in E. atami vs. 48–53 in E. sheni), body color (whitish vs. darkish in E. atami vs. dark brown dorsally, lighter ventrally in E. sheni), eyespots (absent or faint vs. prominent in E. sheni), and total slime pores (74–78 vs. 71–78 in E. atami vs. 62–74 in E. sheni). The new species is clearly distinguished from E. atami by 0.026 pairwise genetic distance (d) of phylogeny based on mtDNA COI. We herein offer the key to 17 species of the genus Eptatretus Cloquet, 1819 in East Asia. Keywords Mitochondrial DNA . Morphology . Vietnam . Myxiniformes . Taxonomy
Introduction Recent taxonomic research based on morphological and molecular methods have revealed that the hagfish comprise 3 subfamilies, 6 genera, and 82 species worldwide (Fernholm et al. 2013; Froese and Pauly 2019; Song and Kim 2020a). Increasing numbers of new or cryptic species of hagfishes are being revealed worldwide (Moller and Jones 2007; Fernholm and Quattrini 2008; Mincarone and Fernholm 2010; Zintzen et al. 2015). More than half of the world’s hagfishes are distributed in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean (Knapp et al. 2011). In particular, Taiwanese and Japanese waters are known to have high species diversities of hagfishes, while only one
Communicated by R. Thiel This article is registered in ZooBank under http://zoobank.org/ 9C88E6F0-5E08-4348-94CD-54B60F42887E * Jin-Koo Kim [email protected] 1
Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
species has been observed among each of the faunas of Vietnam and the Philippines (McMillan and Wisner 2004; Prokofiev 2014). Hagfishes inhabit the benthic region from inshore to deep seas throughout all oceans except the Red Sea and Southern Ocean (Fernholm 1998). They have no jaws, no prominent eyes, and no paired fins. Body is eel-like in shape and they have 1–16 pairs of gill apertures and gill pouches (Fernholm 1998). The number of recognized genera of hagfishes has been debated, but it has been recently accepted that Eptatretinae currently includes a single genus, Eptatretus Cloquet, 1819 (Fernholm et al. 2013; Song 2019). Genus Eptatretus is the most species-rich myxinid genus, with 52 species, and is distinguished from other genera by the presence of more than two pairs of gill apertu
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