A novel electrochemical biosensor based on peptidoglycan and platinum-nickel-copper nano-cube for rapid detection of Gra
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A novel electrochemical biosensor based on peptidoglycan and platinum-nickel-copper nano-cube for rapid detection of Gram-positive bacteria Daobin Han 1 & Yurong Yan 1 & Xintong Bian 1 & Jianmin Wang 1 & Min Zhao 1 & Xiaolei Duan 1,2 & Liangsheng Kong 1 & Wei Cheng 3 & Shijia Ding 1 Received: 3 April 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A novel non-enzyme electrochemical biosensor for the rapid detection of Gram-positive bacteria has been constructed that relys on a stable and efficient combination between the peptidoglycan layer and platinum-nickel-copper nanocubes (Pt-Ni-Cu NCs). Briefly, bacteria were first captured by a specific antibody. Then, the electrochemical signal materials (Pt-Ni-Cu NCs) were bound to the bacteria peptidoglycan layer using specific structural and surface features. The rapid and sensitive bacterial detection was then achieved using intrinsic electrochemical characteristics and superoxidase-like activity of the Pt-Ni-Cu NCs. Moreover, the nature of peptidoglycan covering the whole bacteria provided the premise for signal amplification. Under optimal conditions, the electrochemical signal variation was proportional to the concentration of bacteria ranging from 1.5 × 102 to 1.5 × 108 CFU/ mL with a detection limit of 42 CFU/mL using a working potential of − 0.4 V. This electrochemical biosensor has been successfully applied to detect bacteria concentrations in urine samples, and the recoveries range from 90.4 to 107%. The proposed biosensor could be applied for broad-spectrum detection of Gram-positive bacteria since most Gram-positive bacteria possess a thick peptidoglycan layer. The developed electrochemical biosensing strategy might be used as a potential tool for clinical pathogenic bacteria detection and point-of-care testing (POCT). Keywords Peptidoglycan . Pt-Ni-Cu NCs . Gram-positive bacteria . Electrochemical biosensor
Introduction The world is on the cusp of a “post-antibiotic era.” According to the latest statistics, drug-resistant super-bacteria cause Daobin Han and Yurong Yan contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04581-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Shijia Ding [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
2
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
3
The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
approximately 35,000 deaths each year [1]. Extremely multiresistant bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pn), are the major cause of most wide-ranging diseases [2, 3]. In addition, an increasing number o
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