A novel intervention on the inhibiting effects of Catunaregam spinosa induced free radical formation and DNA damage in A
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
A novel intervention on the inhibiting effects of Catunaregam spinosa induced free radical formation and DNA damage in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): a verdict for new perspectives on microorganism targeted vector control approach A. N. Anoopkumar 1,2 & Sharrel Rebello 2 Embalil Mathachan Aneesh 2
&
Ambalaparambil Vasu Sudhikumar 1
&
Sreedev Puthur 2 &
Received: 21 November 2019 / Accepted: 30 April 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract Plant extracts prompting free radical formation causing DNA damage among especially symbiotic microorganisms of Aedes aegypti has not been extensively examined in previous studies. Here, investigated whether: (1) it was possible to reduce the vectorial capacity by eliminating the microbial consortia of Aedes aegypti larvae, (2) the excess formation of free radical could induce damages of genomic DNA and alter the morphological appearance of Aedes aegypti larvae, and (3) which are the probable mechanisms driving the death of mosquitoes that has been treated with phytochemicals. The toxicity of Catunaregam spinosa seed extracts on the microbial community of Aedes aegypti larvae was determined as previously described. The formation of free radicals was confirmed using the ammonium molybdate method. While the GCMS method was used to assess the phytochemical analysis and the DNA lysing potential. The petroleum ether, ethanol, acetone and water extracts of Catunaregam spinosa has exhibited potent toxicity towards Aedes aegypti larvea’s gut bacterial microbiota, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Proteus mirabilis with strong MIC values ranging from 0.07 mg/ml to 5.9 mg/ml. Plant extract induced free radical formations and oxidative damage to DNA. The presence of the bioactive element squalene justifies the insecticidal proprieties of Catunaregam spinosa extract. This study reflects the probable mechanisms underlying the lethal effect of Catunaregam spinosa extract on Aedes aegypti, and it potential as a novel biological vector control approach. Keywords Catunaregam spinosa . Aedes aegypti . Larvicidal . Gut bacterial microbiota . Oxidative damage
* Embalil Mathachan Aneesh [email protected] A. N. Anoopkumar [email protected] Sharrel Rebello [email protected] Ambalaparambil Vasu Sudhikumar [email protected] Sreedev Puthur [email protected] 1
Department of Zoology, Christ College Irinjalakuda, University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Kerala, India
2
Communicable Disease Research Laboratory (CDRL), Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Irinjalakuda, Thrissur, Kerala, India
Introduction Extension of mosquito-borne diseases into tropical and subtropical regions of the world exposed the medical importance of mosquitoes since they designated as a public threat over 100 countries (Kadir et al. 2013). The emergence of arboviral diseases such as yellow fever, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, dengue haemorrhagic feve
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