A novel thermophilic anaerobic granular sludge membrane distillation bioreactor for wastewater reclamation
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
A novel thermophilic anaerobic granular sludge membrane distillation bioreactor for wastewater reclamation Chinh Cong Duong 1,2 & Shiao-Shing Chen 1 Dan Thanh Ngoc Cao 1 & I-Chieh Chien 4
&
Huy Quang Le 1,3 & Hau-Ming Chang 1 & Nguyen Cong Nguyen 3 &
Received: 18 April 2020 / Accepted: 1 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Membrane distillation (MD) has a high heat requirement. Integrating MD with thermophilic bioreactors could remedy this problem. A laboratory-scale thermophilic anaerobic granular sludge membrane distillation bioreactor (ThAGS-MDBR) was used to treat wastewater with a high organic loading rate (OLR). Waste heat from ThAGS was used directly for the MD process to reduce energy consumption. The result demonstrated that the ThAGS-MDBR system achieved a high-efficiency removal of chemical oxygen demand (more 99.5%) and NH4+-N (96.4%). Furthermore, the highest methane production from the proposed system was 332 mL/g CODremoved at OLR of 16 kg COD/m3/day. Specifically, an aggregate of densely packed diverse microbial communities in anaerobic granular sludge was the main mechanism for the enhancement of bioreactor tolerance with environmental changes. High-quality distillate water from ThAGS-MDBR was reclaimed in one step with total organic carbon less than 1.7 mg/L and electrical conductivity less than 120 μS/cm. Furthermore, the result of the DNA extraction kit recorded that Methanosaeta thermophila was a critical archaea for high COD removal and bioreactor stability. Keywords Bioreactor . Thermophilic . Anaerobic granular sludge . Membrane distillation . Water reclamation
Introduction High heat is a critical requirement of membrane distillation (MD) to induce the phase change of the feed. Therefore, MD uneconomical for large-scale applications (Amaya Vias and López-Ramírez 2019; Khaing et al. 2010). MD is a thermally driven separation process in which the driving force is vapor.
Responsible Editor: Angeles Blanco * Shiao-Shing Chen [email protected] 1
Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan
2
Southern Institute of Water Resources Research, 658 Vo Van Kiet Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
3
Faculty of Chemistry and Environment, Dalat University, 01 Phu Dong Thien Vuong Street, Da Lat City 66000, Vietnam
4
Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
Vapor molecules can pass through microporous hydrophobic MD membranes, but these MD membranes do not permit liquid transfer (Abdelkader et al. 2019; Alkhudhiri and Hilal 2018; Duong et al. 2019). MD can be achieved at considerably lower temperatures (30–60 °C) than those of conventional thermal distillation. Therefore, waste heat from industrial processes can be reused to produce clean water. Similar to the reverse osmosis (RO) process, MD is a high-retention process that can retain recalcitrant,
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