Anaerobic Treatment of Diluted Decanted Palm Oil Mill Effluent in a High-Rate Thermophilic Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blank
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Anaerobic Treatment of Diluted Decanted Palm Oil Mill Effluent in a High‑Rate Thermophilic Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor: Microbial Selection and Enhanced Population of Hydrogenotrophic Methanogen Maneerat Khemkhao1 · Vichai Domrongpokkaphan2,3 · Somkiet Techkarnjanaruk4 · Chantaraporn Phalakornkule3,5 Received: 19 July 2019 / Accepted: 11 November 2019 © Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract This paper presents a study of the startup and operation of a high-rate upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) treating diluted decanted palm oil mill effluent (POME) under thermophilic conditions. The operating temperature was increased in one-step from 25 to 55 °C. The organic loading rate (OLR) of POME was increased stepwise from 2 g/L day of COD to 23.8 g/L day. High-rate anaerobic digestion with methane ( CH4) productivity of 8 L/L day was achieved. The development of microbial populations in the sludge involved an increase in both H2 producers, specifically the genus Clostridium, and H2 consumers, specifically the order Methanobacteriales. A gene quantification based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that the archaeal rRNA gene concentration increased from 3.48 × 107 copies/mL in the original digested sludge to 1.89 × 109 copies/mL in the acclimated sludge. The increase in archaeal rRNA gene concentration was accompanied by a 3700 times increase in Methanobacteriales gene concentration. However, the Methanobacteriales was found to be vulnerable to substrate over-loading with its gene concentration decreasing 35 fold from that in the original digested sludge at an OLR of 23.8 g/L day.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00877-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Chantaraporn Phalakornkule [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Rattanakosin College for Sustainable Energy and Environment, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
2
Department of Agro‑Industrial, Food and Environmental Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
3
Research Center for Circular Products and Energy, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
4
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
5
Department of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
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Waste and Biomass Valorization
Graphic Abstract Biogas 1E+12 Effluent 1E+11
BAC set
ARC set
MBT set
MMB set
MSL set
1E+10 1E+09 1E+08 1E+07 P
55°C
1E+05
Hot water circulation tank
P POME
1E+06
digested sludge
acclimated acclimated acclimated sludge at OLR sludge at OLR sludge at OLR 17.8 g COD/L d 21.2 g COD/L d 23.8 g COD/L d
a 3,700 times increase in Methanobacteriales gene concentration in the acclimated sludge compared to the original seed di
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