A Piezoelectric Sensor Based on Nanoparticles of Ractopamine Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
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A Piezoelectric Sensor Based on Nanoparticles of Ractopamine Molecularly Imprinted Polymers T. N. Ermolaevaa, O. V. Farafonovaa, *, V. N. Chernyshovaa, A. N. Zyablovb, and N. V. Tarasovaa aLipetsk
State Technical University, Lipetsk, 398055 Russia State University, Voronezh, 394018 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
bVoronezh
Received February 24, 2020; revised April 12, 2020; accepted April 30, 2020
Abstract—Conditions of the synthesis of nanoparticles of ractopamine molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) by the precipitation method are studied. It is shown that the size and dispersity of MIP particles are largely determined by the nature of the functional and cross-monomers and by the synthesis conditions: temperature, mixing rate, duration of synthesis, and ultrasonic treatment of the polymerization mixture before and after the synthesis. It is found that ractopamine MIP particles based on methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, sonicated for 30 min, have a minimum size and degree of dispersion. Using the piezoelectric quartz micro-weighing method, characteristics of the recognition layer based on MIP nanoparticles are found, and the analytical characteristics of a sensor for the determination of ractopamine in an aqueous solution are calculated. Keywords: nanoparticles of ractopamine molecularly imprinted polymer, precipitation method, piezoelectric sensor DOI: 10.1134/S1061934820100068
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) have already have a good history as highly selective sorbents capable of replacing natural antibodies in many cases of the development of diagnostic tools for the sensitive recognition and determination of various chemical compounds. Unlike biomolecules, MIP are stable in the range of low and high pH values, on changes in pressure and temperature, have lower cost, the reaction of their formation proceeds more easily, and they can be synthesized for a wide range of substances and used both in organic and in water media. It was noted that imprinted polymers of regular shape have the best properties, especially in the nanoscale region [1], which is explained by a higher value of the ratio of their surface area to the volume. This improves the availability of surface imprints for analyte molecules and contributes to an increase in the rate of re-binding [2]. In addition, MIP nanoparticles easily remain in solution and are easier to dose [3], which creates prerequisites for their widespread use in sensors of various nature as substitutes for antibodies in pseudoimmunoassay [4–7]. The most popular methods for the synthesis of MIP nanoparticles are micro- and miniemulsion polymerization [8, 9], precipitation [10–14], and “core–shell” synthesis (core–shell, core–shell by grafting) [15–18] (analytical applications of MIP
nanoparticles obtained by such methods were described in [19, 20]). A convenient and simple precipitation method results in the production of spherical MIP particles with a high degree of homogeneity. In this method, polymerization takes place in the presence o
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