A PVA-PCL Bioglass Composite with Potential Implications for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering
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1235-RR03-28
A PVA-PCL Bioglass composite with potential implications for osteochondral tissue engineering Prabha D Nair1 ,Lakshmi M Mukundan1, Remya Nirmal1, Neethu Mohan1 1.
Division of Tissue Engineering &Regeneration Technologies , Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology Trivandrum, Kerala , India ABSTRACT A bioglass of composition SiO2 (67.12 mol%), CaO (28.5 mol%), and P2O5 (4.38%) was synthesized and stabilized by a novel technique using ethanol. Bioactive glasses have a wide range of application in the field of biomaterials promoting bone bonding as well as bonding to soft tissue. Earlier our lab developed a novel PVA-PCL semi IPN porous and 3D scaffold that was found to favor chondrogenesis. In the present study, a composite of this polymer and bioglass is prepared by an emulsion freeze-drying process, as a porous 3 dimensional scaffold. The scaffolds were characterized for their physiochemical properties and ability to support cartilage tissue regeneration. The composite scaffolds were observed to be non-cytotoxic. The chondrocytes cells cultured in vitro for a month on the composite scaffolds regenerate cartilaginous tissue, secreting GAGs and collagen in amounts nearly comparable to the amounts on the control PVA-PCL scaffold. The composite scaffold is also biomimetic and bioactive and favors mineralization by forming a hydroxycarbonate apatite layer, when immersed in simulated body fluid for a 14 day period. The PVA-PCL-bioglass composite is hence expected to have potential implications as a scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering.
INTRODUCTION Cartilage degeneration caused by congenital abnormalities or disease and trauma, is of great clinical consequence due to the limited intrinsic healing potential of the tissue. The poor repair potential of articular cartilage is attributed to their avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature and lower mitotic activity and turnover rate. Tissue engineering represents an attractive direction to solve the complex problem of cartilage regeneration1. But the main challenge with this approach is the development of the interface between the artificial cartilage and the underlying bone. Hence research is being carried out towards the repair of cartilage defects with osteochondral tissue engineering. Osteochondral defect which extend through the cartilage to the subchondral bone is repaired with simultaneous regeneration of cartilage and bone and thus provides better anchorage to the newly developed construct. Synthetic biodegradable polymeric scaffolds have gained wide acceptance in cartilage tissue engineering due to their superior mechanical properties and the ability to promote chondrocyte proliferation, maturation and differentiation. Bioactive glasses (BG) and calcium phosphate ceramics are the candidate materials for bone regeneration applications because of their ability to induce specific biological response that leads to the formation of a continuous interface between the implanted material and the tissue2. Indeed, BG interact well w
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