A Review of Hand Feminization and Masculinization Techniques in Gender Affirming Therapy
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REVIEW
BODY CONTOURING
A Review of Hand Feminization and Masculinization Techniques in Gender Affirming Therapy Jasmine Lee1 • Ian T. Nolan1 • Marco Swanson2 • Cameron J. Kneib3 Christopher S. Crowe3 • Erik M. Wolfswinkel4 • Shane D. Morrison3 • David A. Kulber5 • Jeffrey B. Friedrich3
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Received: 6 July 2020 / Accepted: 5 September 2020 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 2020
Abstract Introduction Anatomical characteristics that are incongruent with an individual’s gender identity can cause significant gender dysphoria. Hands exhibit prominent dimorphic sexual features, but despite their visibility, there are limited studies examining gender affirming procedures for the hands. This review is intended to cover the anatomical features that define masculine and feminine hands, the surgical and non-surgical approaches for feminization and masculinization of the hand, and to adapt established aesthetic hand techniques for gender affirming care. Methods The authors performed a comprehensive database search of PubMed, Embase OVID and SCOPUS to identify articles on the characterization of masculine or feminine hands, hand treatments related to gender affirmation, and articles related to techniques for hand masculinization and feminization in the non-transgender population.
& Jasmine Lee [email protected] 1
Hansjo¨rg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
2
Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
3
Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
4
Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
5
Department of Plastic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Results From 656 possibly relevant articles, 42 met the inclusion criteria for the current literature search. There is currently no medical literature specifically exploring the surgical or non-surgical options for hand gender affirmation. The available techniques for gender affirming procedures discussed in this paper are appropriated from those more commonly used for hand rejuvenation. Conclusion There is a dearth of literature addressing the options for transgender individuals seeking gender affirming procedures of the hand. Though established procedures used for hand rejuvenation may be utilized in gender affirming care, further study is required to determine relative salience of various hand features to gender dysphoria in transgender patients of various identities, as well as development of novel techniques to meet these needs. Level of Evidence III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructi
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