A review on charging behavior of electric vehicles: data, model, and control
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Control Theory and Technology http://link.springer.com/journal/11768
A review on charging behavior of electric vehicles: data, model, and control Qing-Shan JIA† , Teng LONG Center for Intelligent and Networked Systems (CFINS), Department of Automation, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Received 11 March 2020; revised 1 May 2020; accepted 7 May 2020
Abstract The adoption and usage of electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged recently due to the increasing concerns on the greenhouse gas issues and energy revolution. As a part of the smart grid, EVs can provide valuable ancillary services beyond consumers of electricity. However, EVs are gradually considered as nonnegligible loads due to their increasing penetration, which may result in negative effects such as voltage deviations, lines saturation, and power losses. Relationship and interaction among EVs, charging stations, and micro grid have to be considered in the next generation of smart grid. Therefore, the topic of smart charging has been the focus of many works where a wide range of control methods have been developed. As one of the bases of simulation, the EV charging behavior and characteristics have also become the focus of many studies. In this work, we review the charging behavior of EVs from the aspects of data, model, and control. We provide the links for most of the data sets reviewed in this work, based on which interested researchers can easily access these data for further investigation. Keywords: Electric vehicle, charging behavior, data and model DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s11768-020-0048-8
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Introduction
Energy saving and CO2 emission reduction have become international issues. Carbon emission reduction target has been made in China, U.S.A., and many countries in Europe. The transportation sector was reported to be responsible for 62.3% oil consumption in the world, which is considered as one of the main causes
of the increase of CO2 emissions [1]. Electric vehicles (EVs) provide an alternative for the fuel-based automobiles to shift the energy demand from fossil fuels to electricity. Since electricity can be obtained from a variety of renewable sources, such as wind, solar, and heat, it can ease people’s worries about the increasing depletion of oil resources. Meanwhile, EVs can provide valuable ancillary services other than pure electricity consumers
† Corresponding
author. E-mail: [email protected]. This work was supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFB0901900), the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants (No. 61673229) and the 111 International Collaboration Project of China (No. BP2018006). © 2020 South China University of Technology, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
Q. S. Jia et al. / Control Theory Tech, Vol.
in a smart grid. Compared with the traditional mode of transportation, EVs has
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