A review on Ti 3 C 2 T x -based nanomaterials: synthesis and applications in gas and humidity sensors
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A review on Ti3C2Tx-based nanomaterials: synthesis and applications in gas and humidity sensors Qiu-Ni Zhao, Ya-Jie Zhang, Zai-Hua Duan, Si Wang, Can Liu, Ya-Dong Jiang, Hui-Ling Tai*
Received: 3 July 2020 / Revised: 9 September 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 Ó GRINM Bohan (Beijing) Publishing Co., Ltd 2020
Abstract Ti3C2Tx, which is a novel two-dimensional (2D) material, has received enormous interest in the field of sensor technology due to its large surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and abundant active surface sites. In recent years, several Ti3C2Tx-based gases and humidity sensors have been developed and reported. In this review, we focus on the latest applications of Ti3C2Tx-based nanomaterials in gas and humidity sensors. First, the synthesis of Ti3C2Tx from the dangerous fluorine-containing etching process to the safe fluorine-free preparation method was discussed, and the structures of the Ti3C2Tx controlled by different delamination methods were also outlined. Subsequently, the functionalization of pristine Ti3C2Tx and composite strategies for enhancing its gas and humidity sensing performance were reviewed. In addition, the gas and humidity sensing mechanisms of sensors based on Ti3C2Tx were also summarized. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for the use of Ti3C2Tx gas and humidity sensors were discussed to provide guidance on the promising potential of Ti3C2Tx in this field. Keywords Ti3C2Tx; Two-dimensional material; Synthesis; Gas sensor; Humidity sensor
Qiu-Ni Zhao and Ya-Jie Zhang have contributed equally to this work. Q.-N. Zhao, Y.-J. Zhang, Z.-H. Duan, S. Wang, C. Liu, Y.-D. Jiang, H.-L. Tai* State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China e-mail: [email protected]
1 Introduction In recent years, chemical sensors have been increasingly used for the detection of hazardous gases and humidity in a wide range of fields including environmental monitoring, security, food products, industrial manufacture, medical diagnosis, and national defense [1–4]. The use of sensing materials as the core component in gas and humidity sensors has received extensive attention [5–7]. Currently, various materials including metal oxides [8, 9], carbon-based materials [10], transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) [11, 12], conducting polymers [13], and some emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials [14, 15], have been exploited to fabricate gas and humidity sensing devices. Among them, 2D materials (e.g., TMDs [16, 17], graphene [18–21], carbon nitride [22], and black phosphorus (BP) [23]) have emerged as highly competitive candidates for gas and humidity detection due to their unique conductivity, adjustable and abundant accessible surfaces, as well as efficient detection at room temperature. Although 2D materials possess unique advantages as sensing materials, their poor selectivity and instability limit their applica
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