Accordion-like Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets as a high-performance solid phase microextraction adsorbent for determinati
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Accordion-like Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets as a high-performance solid phase microextraction adsorbent for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using GC-MS Mostafa Ghaemmaghami 1
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Yadollah Yamini 1
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Kobra Zavar Mousavi 1
Received: 18 September 2019 / Accepted: 12 January 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Two dimensional accordion-like Ti3C2Tx MXene, where Tx represents surface termination groups such as –OH, –O–, and –F, is synthesized by selective etching of aluminum layers from Ti3AlC2. This manuscript reports on the adsorption of organic molecules from head-space and aqueous environments containing Ti3C2Tx, a representative of the MXene family. Ti3C2Tx coated by gluing method on a stainless steel wire was successfully utilized as a highly sensitive and stable head-space solidphase microextraction (SPME) fiber. A SPME method with the MXene as the adsorbent combined with gas chromatography with MS detector was used to determine the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples. Low detection limits in the range of 0.2–5 ng L−1, wide linearity and good reproducibility (RSD = 4.6 to 7.4% for n = 6) under the optimized extraction conditions was achieved. Finally, the MXene coated fiber was successfully used for the determination of PAHs in real water samples. The relative recoveries for six PAHs are from 91.3–105.0%, which proved the applicability of the method. Also, melamine was selected as a polar analyte and it has been shown that Ti3C2Tx MXene has good capability in extraction of melamine (the extraction recovery for melamine = 80.1%) from aqueous media by dispersive micro solid-phase extraction. Keywords MXene . MAX phase . Solid phase microextraction . Adsorbent . Dispersive micro solid phase extraction . Melamine . Gas chromatography
Introduction Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a sample pretreatment technology, which simplifies the sample preparation procedures and integrates both sampling and convenient introduction of extracted components to analytical instruments [1]. The most important point for SPME is the adsorbent, which plays roles of extraction and enrichment [2]. Therefore, the development of adsorbents is of great importance to achieve high extraction, efficiency, and selectivity. A lot of novel materials, e.g., metal organic frameworks (MOFs) [3], MOFs-
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-4123-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yadollah Yamini [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-175, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
derived nanoporous materials [4], covalent organic framework (COF) [5, 6], polymers [7–10], carbon-related materials [11–13], carbon nitride [14] and other materials have been developed as SPME coating materials for pursuing high adsorption performance [2]. Two dimensional (2D) materials have garnered great attention owing to their un
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