A simple and rapid in vitro test for large-scale screening of fungal endophytes from drought-adapted Australian wild pla
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A simple and rapid in vitro test for large‑scale screening of fungal endophytes from drought‑adapted Australian wild plants for conferring water deprivation tolerance and growth promotion in Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings Khondoker M. G. Dastogeer1,2 · Hua Li1 · Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam1 · Michael G. K. Jones1 · Stephen J. Wylie1 Received: 29 November 2016 / Revised: 13 June 2017 / Accepted: 14 July 2017 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017
Abstract Some fungal endophytes confer novel phenotypes and enhance existing ones in plants, including tolerance to water deprivation stress. A range of fungal endophytes was isolated from wild Nicotiana plants growing in arid parts of northern Australia. These were screened for ability to enhance water deprivation stress tolerance by inoculating seedlings of the model plant N. benthamiana in two in vitro tests. Sixty-eight endophyte isolates were cocultivated with N. benthamiana seedlings on either damp filter paper or on agar medium before being subjected to water deprivation. Seventeen isolates were selected for further testing under water deprivation conditions in a sand-based test in a glasshouse. Only two fungal isolates, Cladosporium cladosporioides (E-162) and an unknown fungus (E-284), significantly enhanced seedling tolerance to moisture deprivation consistently in both in vitro and sand-based tests. Although a strongly significant correlation was observed between any two screening methods, the result of filter paper test was more strongly reflected (r = 0.757, p 98% similar to an accession identified from the databases. If the similarity was between 95% and 97%, only the genus name was accepted, and for sequence identities
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