A Study of the Participation of NMDA Glutamate Receptors in the Mechanisms of Specific Anterograde Amnesia Reversion
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udy of the Participation of NMDA Glutamate Receptors in the Mechanisms of Specific Anterograde Amnesia Reversion S. V. Solntseva, S. A. Kozyrev, and V. P. Nikitin
Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 170, No. 8, pp. 136-142, August, 2020 Original article submitted June 3, 2020 We studied the involvement of NMDA glutamate receptors in the mechanisms of anterograde amnesia. It was found that repeated training of amnestic animals treated with D-cycloserine, a potent agonist of the glycine site of NMDA receptors, did not lead to consolidation of long-term memory, while expression of short-term memory was more pronounced in comparison with control animals that received saline before repeated training. It was shown that D-cycloserine in amnestic snails did not affect the food reactions caused by the presentation of a conditioned stimulus during the reminder (without combination with the unconditioned stimulus). It is assumed that NMDA glutamate receptors in amnestic animals are involved in the neural plasticity mechanisms that underlie short-term memory, but their activation does not influence the anterograde amnesia processes and does not lead to the formation or recovery of long-term memory. Key Words: memory reconsolidation; anterograde amnesia; glutamate NMDA receptors; D-cycloserine
Earlier, in studies on grape snails, we developed a model for the formation of specific anterograde amnesia [1,9]. In particular, it was found that impairment of the consolidation or reconsolidation of conditioned food aversion (CFA) memory by different amnestic agents induced amnesia; repeated training at the early stages of this amnesia (up to 10 days) led to CFA memory formation. Moreover, at the later stages (after 10 days), amnesia showed the characteristics of specific anterograde amnesia, i.e. repeated training did not lead to the long-term memory formation, while shortterm memory was formed. In addition, this amnesia was specific to the type of food, because the formation of the aversive memory for other types of food was preserved. Anterograde amnesia was also found in rats after impairment of memory reconditioning of P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia. Address for correspondence: [email protected]. V. P. Nikitin
conditioned odor aversion [3] or spatial memory reconsolidation in the Morris water maze [13] and after impairment of memory consolidation or reconsolidation of passive avoidance in chickens [4]. NMDA glutamate receptors play a key role in the mechanisms of memory, its impairment, and recovery. It was shown that antagonists of these receptors can disrupt consolidation and reconsolidation of different memory forms in different animals, including mollusks [5,7,8]. At the same time, NMDA receptors agonists, in particular, D-cycloserine, a partial agonist of glycine site of NMDA receptors, a powerful stimulant of these receptors, facilitated the formation of certain memory types, prevented the development of amnesia, or contributed to its reversal [10,1
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