Acclimatization Process of Microorganisms from Activated Sludge in Kenaf-Retting Wastewater
Acclimatization process of microorganisms in Kenaf-retting wastewater was studied using return activated sludge (RAS). RAS was collected from near sewage treatment plant. Initial concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the wastewater and mixed li
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Abstract Acclimatization process of microorganisms in Kenaf-retting wastewater was studied using return activated sludge (RAS). RAS was collected from near sewage treatment plant. Initial concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the wastewater and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) of activated sludge were 2,300 and 1,000 mg/l, respectively. The MLSS and COD concentrations were stabilized at day-25th. The highest substrate removal was recorded at 85 %, and it is found that activated sludge bacteria are well adapted in the new environment. At the end of the experiment, microorganisms, namely Achromobacter sp, Bacillus sp and Acinetobacter sp, were found dominated in the wastewater.
Introduction Kenaf is known as a renewable source and often used in developing new environmental-friendly products. It consists of multiple useful components (e.g., stalks, leaves and seeds), and within each of these plant components, there are various usable portions (e.g., fibres and fibre strands, proteins, oils and allelopathic chemicals). The most important part in kenaf is bast, which is a long fibre strands Z. Zawani L. Chuah-Abdullah F.-R. Ahmadun Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Department of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43300 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia L. Chuah-Abdullah (&) Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43300 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] K. Abdan Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Department of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43300 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected]
R. Pogaku et al. (eds.), Developments in Sustainable Chemical and Bioprocess Technology, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6208-8_8, Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
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that are composed of many individual smaller fibres, and it is contained in the bark of kenaf stalk. The bast can be obtained from retting process. Retting is a fibre separation process, and it can be done in several ways like dew, chemical or waterretting. The process is a slow degradation process that can take up a few days to complete. Water-retting generally is applied in industrial sector due to its effectiveness and simplicity of the process itself. However, this procedure utilizes huge amount of water. Wastewater that generated from the retting process produced greenish colour, high in suspended solids and odour. The condition of wastewater is unacceptable from an aesthetic value. Generally, the wastewater will be released to watercourse without any proper treatment. Stringent regulations of water quality, public awareness on environmental issues and a call for water reclamation encourage an immediate action to resolve this issue. Aerobic technology has been applied in wastewater treatment plant for a very long time. Being one of the biological treatment processes, aerobic process involved decompositions of organic and inorganic materials with the presence of oxygen molecule and aerobic microorgan
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