Activities of Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes of Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) During Seed Development
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J. Crop Sci. Biotech. 2018 (September) 21 (3) : 283 ~ 289 DOI No. 10.1007/s12892-017-0140-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE
Activities of Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) During Seed Development Reda Ben Mrid1, Youssef Bouargalne1, Redouane El Omari1, Nourdin El Mourabit2, Mohamed Nhiri1* 1
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Tangier, BP 416, 90000 Tangier, Morocco 2 Regional Agricultural Research Center of Tangier, 78 Avenue Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Tangier 90010, Morocco Received: October 16, 2017 / Revised: January 17, 2018 / Accepted: January 18, 2018 Ⓒ Korean Society of Crop Science and Springer 2018
Abstract Carbon and nitrogen metabolism pathways are regulated by complex mechanisms in order to optimize growth and development of plants and play a major role in determining the amount of protein stored in cereal grains. This study was conducted to contribute to determine the roles of certain key enzymes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in developing sorghum seeds. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench was grown in a growth chamber. Seeds were harvested at various stages of development and used to the analysis of certain key enzymes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. The results were subjected to stastistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey test. The results showed that during the seed development the highest activities of glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase were detected at the time of maximum seed filling stages (15-20 DAP). Hence, higher activities of these enzymes at the time of maximum seed-filling stages could be effectively linked to amino acids synthesis and therefore the deposition of protein reserves. Key words : Sorghum bicolor, carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, seed filling, protein synthesis
Introduction Sorghum is an important staple food crop in developing countries. It is the dietary staple for more than 500 million people in many countries and more than 50% of the global harvest takes place in Africa (Che et al. 2016). Thus, improving the nutritional quality of the sorghum grain is a useful strategy for improving nutritional status, especially for the disadvantaged regions in the world (Che et al. 2016). Of all mineral elements required for plant development, nitrogen is the one that plants require in greatest quantity and is a factor which significantly limits the productivity of cereal crops. Nitrogen is assimilated, into amino acids, via the concerted activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) (Forde et al. 2007). Nevertheless, when ammonium is present in greatest quantity, other metabolic pathways could carry out the ammonium assimilation. Under Mohamed Nhiri () Email: [email protected]
The Korean Society of Crop Science
these conditions, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), that catalyses the reversible deamination
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