Foliar-Applied Silicon in Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) Alleviate Zinc Deficiency
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Foliar-Applied Silicon in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Alleviate Zinc Deficiency Victor Hugo de Farias Guedes 1 & Renato de Mello Prado 1 & Joaquim José Frazão 1 & Kamilla Silva Oliveira 1 & Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta 2 Received: 9 March 2020 / Accepted: 4 November 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Foliar-applied silicon may reduce the damage caused by zinc (Zn) deficiency in plants. While adding silicon (Si) and Zn to the solution may increase foliar fertilization efficiency, Si effects on sorghum plants are not known yet. Therefore, this study investigates how four different Zn chelate concentrations, with and without Si, applied via leaf, affect sorghum nutrition and development. The experimental design consisted of a 4 × 2 factorial scheme with four Zn-EDTA (0, 0.60, 1.20, and 1.80 g L−1) and two Si (control and 0.50 g L−1) concentrations applied via leaf, and five replicates. The evaluated parameters were Zn and Si accumulation, Zn use efficiency, cell electrolyte leakage, as well as chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein, and dry matter content. In Zn deficient plants, foliar-applied Si increased Zn accumulation, photosynthetic pigments, shoot and root dry matter while decreasing cell leakage. Zn chelates with added foliar-applied Si increased Zn accumulation, photosynthetic pigments, protein, and root dry matter. In conclusion, foliar spraying of Si alleviates Zn deficiency in sorghum plants and, therefore, adding Si to the Zn solution is agronomically feasible. Keywords Sorghum bicolor L. . Zinc chelate . Potassium silicate . Foliar spraying . Beneficial element
1 Introduction In 2018, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), one of the most important cereals produced in the world, had a planted area of approximately 42,14 million hectares, which produced 59,34 million metric tons worldwide [FAO 2020]. Brazil ranks eighth in the world, with an estimated production of approximately 2,25 million metric tons [FAO 2020]. Sorghum is used for both human and animal feed as a source of bioactive compounds and nutrients [Cardoso et al. 2016, Ramatoulaye et al. 2016].
* Victor Hugo de Farias Guedes [email protected] 1
Department of Soils and Fertilizers, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, Jaboticabal Zip 14884-900, Brazil
2
Department of Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, Jaboticabal Zip 14884-900, Brazil
Among cereals, sorghum plants are highly sensitive to zinc (Zn) deficiency, which may induce oxidative stress, increase cellular electrolyte leakage, decrease pigment production [1] and protein synthesis [2] while the consequent dry matter accumulation [3] hampers sorghum development [4, 5]. Zinc from soluble and stable sources, such as chelate, foliar sprayed has been increasing in agriculture. Compared with other organic acids [6], the highly stable Zn-ED
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