Acute effects of ambient air pollution on hospital outpatients with chronic pharyngitis in Xinxiang, China
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Acute effects of ambient air pollution on hospital outpatients with chronic pharyngitis in Xinxiang, China Xiangmei Zhao 1 & Mengxue Lu 1 & Zhen An 1 & Juan Li 1 & Huijun Li 1 & Qian Zhao 1 & Zhineng Wu 1 & Weidong Wu 1 & Yue Liu 2 & Jie Song 1 Received: 9 March 2020 / Revised: 19 June 2020 / Accepted: 28 July 2020 # ISB 2020
Abstract We present results on a time-series study that analyzed the acute effects of six criteria air pollutants on hospital outpatient with chronic pharyngitis (CP) in Xinxiang, China. Data on the concentration of air pollutants and CP outpatient records were collected daily in Xinxiang, China, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018. This study identified 62,823 outpatients with CP. The annual average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 are 75.7, 132.1, 33.2, 48.4, 1377, and 59.4 μg/m3, respectively. Further, a 10 μg/m3 increment in the concentration of PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO corresponds to an increase of 0.28% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03–0.53%), 1.10% (95% CI: 0.09–2.11%), 1.82% (95% CI: 0.84–2.80%), and 0.03% (95% CI: 0.01–0.06%) in daily CP hospital outpatients, respectively. Furthermore, results indicated that outpatients under the age of 15 are more susceptible to the air pollutants, excluding O3. Meanwhile, males might be more susceptible, and effect estimates appear slightly stronger in the cool season. Therefore, we should implement effective measures to manage air pollutants and reinforce protection of the high-risk population. Keywords Air pollution . Chronic pharyngitis . Outpatient . Time-series study
Introduction Air pollution has been documented to be a major public health problem in many areas around the world (Janssen et al. 2013). China, the largest developing country, is confronted with the worst air pollution problem. In the past years, the rapid growth of industrialization and the increase of motor vehicles caused a deterioration in air quality (Wang et al. 2020). Compared to
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-020-01980-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yue Liu [email protected] * Jie Song [email protected] 1
Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
2
National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
the standards of the USA, approximately three-eighths of the China’s people are breathing “unhealthy” air (Li 2016). Air pollution caused approximately 1.3 million deaths in 2008, and in 2012, it tripled to approximately 3.7 million deaths globally (Mokoena et al. 2019b; Wu et al. 2016). Extensive published research proved that air pollution could increase the mortality and morbidity of numerous diseases, primarily respiratory diseases (Huang et al. 2016; Su et al. 2019). Zhou et al. observed a strong rela
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