Acute Toxicity of Nickel to Daphnia magna : Validation of Bioavailability Models in Japanese Rivers
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Acute Toxicity of Nickel to Daphnia magna: Validation of Bioavailability Models in Japanese Rivers Hiroyuki Mano
&
Naohide Shinohara
Received: 17 June 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The ecotoxicity of nickel depends on water quality characteristics such as pH and dissolved organic carbon. Bioavailability models to predict nickel toxicity have been developed for and validated in European natural waters. In this study, we examined the acute toxicity of nickel to the strain of Daphnia magna that is used for toxicity tests in Japan, using water samples from five Japanese rivers. Based on the results of these toxicity tests, we examined the predictive capacity of the bioavailability model for acute nickel toxicity to D. magna and validated the model. The 50% effect and lethal concentrations (EC50 and LC50) of dissolved nickel for D. magna ranged from 0.52 to 4.0 mg/L and from 0.62 to 5.3 mg/L, respectively. Our results indicate that acute nickel toxicity varied as a result of the different water quality conditions in Japanese rivers. The bioavailability model predicted EC50 and LC50 values in water samples from Japanese rivers by errors more than a factor of 2, while the bioavailability models validated with the results of our toxicity tests were able to accurately predict these values with errors less than a factor of 2. Therefore, our results indicate that the bioavailability model validated using the results of the
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04842-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. H. Mano (*) : N. Shinohara Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Onogawa 16-1, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan e-mail: [email protected]
toxicity tests conducted using Japanese water samples could accurately predict acute nickel toxicity to the strain of D. magna. Keywords Biotic ligand model . Cladocera . Hazard assessment . Metal . Immobilization test . Risk assessment
1 Introduction Anthropogenic releases of excess nickel from industrial activities, metal mining, and other sources to aquatic environments can adversely affect aquatic organisms. As the toxicity of nickel to aquatic organisms is dependent on water quality characteristics such as pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and hardness, nickel toxicity must be assessed based on bioavailability—a measure of the rate and extent to which a metal reaches the toxic site of action (Adams et al. 2020). Bioavailability-based toxicity models have been developed to predict the acute and chronic toxicity of nickel to aquatic organisms such as green alga, water flea, and fish (Deleebeeck et al. 2007; Deleebeeck et al. 2008a, 2008b; Deleebeeck et al. 2009; Schlekat et al. 2010). A bioavailability approach for assessing nickel toxicity in Japanese waters has not yet been applied due to limited study on the validity and basic applic
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