Acute toxicity of gold nanoparticles synthesized from macroalga Saccharina japonica towards Daphnia magna
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SHORT RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION ARTICLE
Acute toxicity of gold nanoparticles synthesized from macroalga Saccharina japonica towards Daphnia magna Mehdi Khoshnamvand 1,2 & Saeed Ashtiani 2,3 & Jingfu Liu 1,2 Received: 3 January 2020 / Accepted: 3 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study was performed to explore acute toxicity of biologically synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to a model organism Daphnia magna. Hence, using aqueous extract of marine macroalga Saccharina japonica, two AuNPs including SJ-AuNPs-72 (72.6 ± 43.8 nm) and SJ-AuNPs-10 (10.8 ± 2.8 nm) were synthesized. These AuNPs were characterized by different techniques such as UV-Vis spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The 48-h LC50 values of SJ-AuNPs-72 and SJ-AuNPs-10 to D. magna were 1.57 ± 0.07 and 2.69 ± 0.12 mg/L, respectively, showing greater toxicity of SJ-AuNPs-72. After exposure of daphnids to treatments, AuNPs were accumulated in gut tract, and lipid droplets under the Daphnia carapace were also observed. Whereas studies on toxicity of biosynthesized AuNPs are still scarce, the achievements of this work are helpful for understanding the toxicity of biosynthesized AuNPs to crustacean D. magna. Keywords Aqueous extract . Macroalga . 48-h LC50 . Toxicity . Lipid droplets . Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles
Introduction Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) consist of chemical substances or materials which are engineered with particle sizes between 1 and 100 nm in at least one dimension (Zanker and Schierz 2012). Due to their unique physical and chemical properties compared with the bulk counterparts, ENPs have valuable functions in numerous fields including Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08770-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jingfu Liu [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3
Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Matter and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
microelectronics, information storage, optics, biotechnology, medicine, food packaging, energy conversion, and catalysis (Laborda and Bolea 2018; Yeo et al. 2003). With increasing diversity and amount of ENPs used in consumer and industrial products, concerns over their potentially negative impacts to the environment, aquatic organisms, and human health are raised. This is because after releasing ENPs into the environment, they may und
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