Acylglycerol synthesis including EPA and DHA from rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) belly flap oil and caprylic acid
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Acylglycerol synthesis including EPA and DHA from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) belly flap oil and caprylic acid catalyzed by Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase under supercritical carbon dioxide M. Elsa Pando1 · Alicia Rodríguez1 · M. Antonieta Valenzuela2 · M. Macarena Berríos1 · Matías Rivera1 · Nalda Romero1 · Andrés Barriga3 · Santiago P. Aubourg4 Received: 24 May 2020 / Revised: 15 September 2020 / Accepted: 31 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Supercritical carbon dioxide ( SCCO2) was studied as a medium for the esterification of eicosapentaenoic acid (n-3 C20:5, EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (n-3 C22:6, DHA) and caprylic acid (C8:0, CA) in structured triacylglycerols (sTAG) using Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase as biocatalyst. Process variables (n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid: CA, n-3 LCPUFA:CA content ratio), glycerol content (wt. %), and supercritical time, temperature and pressure were optimized by the Response Surface Methodology through a central composite design of 2 5–1 + star. Synthesis of sTAG with EPA, DHA and CA under SCCO2 was significantly affected by the n-3 LCPUFA:CA content ratio and supercritical time. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry revealed that acylglycerols with the highest levels of EPA or DHA content in the sn-2 position were obtained when the following variables conditions were applied: 50% (n-3 LCPUFA:CA content ratio), 40 °C (supercritical temperature), 20 MPa (supercritical pressure), 4 h (supercritical time) and 20.0 wt. % (glycerol concentration). For such experimental conditions, esterification catalyzed by Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase under supercritical carbon dioxide allowed obtaining sTAG synthesized with 54.95% of CA, 11.64% of EPA and 13.77% of DHA. Keywords EPA–DHA · Supercritical carbon dioxide · Acylglycerol enzymatic synthesis · Rainbow trout · MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry · Response surface methodology
Introduction EPA and DHA have important physiological functions in different organs. One of their main characteristics is to be incorporated into the cell membrane phospholipids, modifying the fluidity and thickness of the membrane, as well as * Alicia Rodríguez [email protected] 1
Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Santiago, Chile
2
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Santiago, Chile
3
Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Studies for the Development of Chemistry (CEPEDEQ), University of Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Santiago, Chile
4
Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
altering the specific interactions with membrane proteins and being substrates for the formation of a series of lipid derivatives called eicosanoids (EPA derivatives) and docosanoids (DHA derivatives), which exert
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