Adding a quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine to the UK cervical cancer screening programme: A cost-effectiveness a
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BioMed Central
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Adding a quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine to the UK cervical cancer screening programme: A cost-effectiveness analysis Shalini L Kulasingam*1, Steve Benard2, Ruanne V Barnabas3,4, Nathalie Largeron2 and Evan R Myers1 Address: 1Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA, 2sanofi pasteur MSD, Lyon, 69007, France, 3Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK and 4HIV Vaccines Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA Email: Shalini L Kulasingam* - [email protected]; Steve Benard - [email protected]; Ruanne V Barnabas - [email protected]; Nathalie Largeron - [email protected]; Evan R Myers - [email protected] * Corresponding author
Published: 15 February 2008 Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2008, 6:4
doi:10.1186/1478-7547-6-4
Received: 10 July 2007 Accepted: 15 February 2008
This article is available from: http://www.resource-allocation.com/content/6/1/4 © 2008 Kulasingam et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract Background: We assessed the cost-effectiveness of adding a quadrivalent (6/11/16/18) human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to the current screening programme in the UK compared to screening alone. Methods: A Markov model of the natural history of HPV infection incorporating screening and vaccination was developed. A vaccine that prevents 98% of HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18-associated disease, with a lifetime duration and 85% coverage, in conjunction with current screening was considered. Results: Vaccination with screening, compared to screening alone, was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £21,059 per quality adjusted life year (QALY) and £34,687 per life year saved (LYS). More than 400 cases of cervical cancer, 6700 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and 4750 cases of genital warts could be avoided per 100,000 vaccinated girls. Results were sensitive to assumptions about the need for a booster, the duration of vaccine efficacy and discount rate. Conclusion: These analyses suggest that adding a quadrivalent HPV vaccine to current screening in the UK could be a cost-effective method for further reducing the burden of cervical cancer.
Background Despite a well-organised screening programme in the UK, and a marked decrease in cervical cancer incidence since 1988, there were 3,181 new cervical cancer cases and 1,529 deaths reported in 2002. In 2003, the National Health Service Cervical Screening Programme modified its recommendations by increasing the age to begin screening from 20 years to 25 years combined with a more
frequent screening interval (every 3 years in women aged 25 to 49 years and 5 years for women between 50 and 64). Invasive carcinoma of the
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