Additive effect of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans and the fungus Rhizoctonia solani on potato yield and
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Additive effect of the root‑lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans and the fungus Rhizoctonia solani on potato yield and damage Maria Viketoft1 · Adam Flöhr2 · Jan‑Eric Englund2 · Jonas Kardell1 · Eva Edin3 Received: 7 October 2019 / Accepted: 11 June 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The significance of nematodes for disease development caused by other soil-borne pathogens has been demonstrated in many crops throughout the world and specifically prevalent are interactions between plant-parasitic nematodes and species of plant pathogenic fungi. Here, the interaction between the fungus Rhizoctonia solani (AG2) and the migratory endoparasitic root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans was investigated on potato. The hypotheses were that the combination of R. solani and P. penetrans would result in more severe canker lesions, reduced quality of the tubers and lower tuber yield, and we also expected higher nematode levels to render more nematode damage. To test this, potato plants were grown in pots in two replicate experiments and the presence and/or abundance of the two pathogens were controlled. The first three hypotheses were rejected as (1) the tuber yield decreased when the fungus and nematode occurred together but not more than the sum of their separate effects, i.e. additive, (2) there was no effect of presence of nematodes on the incidence of stem canker, and (3) the quality of tubers was actually partly improved as the presence of the nematodes reduced the likelihood of elephant hide on the tubers in one of the experiments. As expected, there were more visible nematode damages with addition of more nematodes, but beyond that the different nematode levels rendered in most cases similar responses. To have knowledge about interactions between pathogens, as the one showed here, is essential for disease control through appropriate management methods. Keywords Black scurf · Disease complex · Elephant hide · Solanum tuberosum · Stem canker
Introduction The development of disease in cultivated crops has long been known to depend on complex interactions between pathogen, host and prevailing environmental conditions. Organisms occupying the same niche also interact with each other, and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-020-00346-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Maria Viketoft [email protected] 1
Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
2
Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 103, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
3
Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7026, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
plant pathogens are no exceptions. In many crops throughout the world, it has been demonstrated that nematodes play a significant role for the development of diseases caused by other soil-borne patho
