ADP-ribosylation factors improve biomass yield and salinity tolerance in transgenic switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.)
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
ADP‑ribosylation factors improve biomass yield and salinity tolerance in transgenic switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Cong Guan1,6 · Xue Li1 · Dan‑Yang Tian1 · Hua‑Yue Liu1 · Hui‑Fang Cen1 · Million Tadege2 · Yun‑Wei Zhang1,3,4,5 Received: 22 June 2020 / Accepted: 26 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Key message PvArf regulate proline biosynthesis by physically interacting with PvP5CS1 to improve salt tolerance in switchgrass. Abstract The genetic factors that contribute to stress resiliency are yet to be determined. Here, we identified three ADPribosylation factors, PvArf1, PvArf-B1C, and PvArf-related, which contribute to salinity tolerance in transgenic switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Switchgrass overexpressing each of these genes produced approximately twofold more biomass than wild type (WT) under normal growth conditions. Transgenic plants accumulated modestly higher levels of proline under normal conditions, but this level was significantly increased under salt stress providing better protection to transgenic plants compared to WT. We found that PvArf genes induce proline biosynthesis genes under salt stress to positively regulate proline accumulation, and further demonstrated that PvArf physically interact with PvP5CS1. Moreover, the transcript levels of two key ROS-scavenging enzyme genes were significantly increased in the transgenic plants compared to WT, leading to reduced H2O2 accumulation under salt stress conditions. PvArf genes also protect cells against stress-induced changes in Na+ and K + ion concentrations. Our findings uncover that ADP-ribosylation factors are key determinants of biomass yield in switchgrass, and play pivotal roles in salinity tolerance by regulating genes involved in proline biosynthesis. Keywords ADP-ribosylation factors · Proline · PvP5CS1 · Salt stress · ROS · Na+ and K+ homeostasis · Switchgrass
Introduction Communicated by Günther Hahne. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-020-02589-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yun‑Wei Zhang [email protected] 1
College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuan Mingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
2
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Bioscience, Oklahoma State University, 3210 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
3
Beijing Key Laboratory for Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
4
National Energy R&D Center for Biomass (NECB), Beijing, China
5
Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences, Beijing, China
6
Shandong institute of agricultural sustainable development, Jinan, China
Soil salinization is a serious and growing worldwide problem to crop production, posing significant threat to food security. Increased soil salt concentration decreases the ability of plants to take up water efficiently affecting survival and productivity. Ele
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