Advanced Biotechnology for Cell Cryopreservation
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REVIEW
Advanced Biotechnology for Cell Cryopreservation Jing Yang1,2,3 · Lei Gao1,2,3 · Min Liu1,2,3 · Xiaojie Sui1,2,3 · Yingnan Zhu1,2,3 · Chiyu Wen1,2,3 · Lei Zhang1,2,3 Received: 29 October 2019 / Revised: 25 November 2019 / Accepted: 27 November 2019 © The Author(s) 2019
Abstract Cell cryopreservation has evolved as an important technology required for supporting various cell-based applications, such as stem cell therapy, tissue engineering, and assisted reproduction. Recent times have witnessed an increase in the clinical demand of these applications, requiring urgent improvements in cell cryopreservation. However, cryopreservation technology suffers from the issues of low cryopreservation efficiency and cryoprotectant (CPA) toxicity. Application of advanced biotechnology tools can significantly improve post-thaw cell survival and reduce or even eliminate the use of organic solvent CPAs, thus promoting the development of cryopreservation. Herein, based on the different cryopreservation mechanisms available, we provide an overview of the applications and achievements of various biotechnology tools used in cell cryopreservation, including trehalose delivery, hydrogel-based cell encapsulation technique, droplet-based cell printing, and nanowarming, and also discuss the associated challenges and perspectives for future development. Keywords Cell cryopreservation · Biotechnology · Trehalose delivery · Hydrogel-based cell encapsulation · Droplet-based cell printing · Nanowarming
Introduction Cell cryopreservation is a technology used to preserve living cells, while maintaining their cellular viability and functions even at cryogenic temperatures (usually at − 80 °C or − 196 °C). At such ultra-low temperatures, the chemical, biological, and physical processes normally occurring at cellular level can remain suspended for a long time. In recent times, cell cryopreservation has become an important supporting technology for various cell-based applications such as stem cell therapy, tissue engineering, assisted human reproduction, and transfusion medicine [1]. The importance Jing Yang and Lei Gao have contributed equally to this work. * Lei Zhang [email protected] 1
Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
2
Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
3
Qingdao Institute for Marine Technology of Tianjin University, Qingdao 266235, China
of cryopreservation technology is correctly reflected by the burgeoning demand of stem cell therapy, owing to which approximately 400,000 units of umbilical cord blood have been stored worldwide for public use and 900,000 units for private use [2]. As per the report of Stem Cell Banking Market, the global stem cell banking market had a current value of ~ 18.2 billion dollars in 2017, and this will reach ~ 54.1 billion dollars by 2024. Red bl
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