Droplet Microfluidics for Microbial Biotechnology
Droplet microfluidics has recently evolved as a prominent platform for high-throughput experimentation for various research fields including microbiology. Key features of droplet microfluidics, like compartmentalization, miniaturization, and parallelizati
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Droplet Microfluidics for Microbial Biotechnology Sundar Hengoju, Miguel Tovar, DeDe Kwun Wai Man, Stefanie Buchheim, and Miriam A. Rosenbaum
Contents 1 Introduction 2 Droplet Microfluidics for Microbial Cultivation 3 Detecting Microbial Activity in Droplet Microfluidics 4 Droplet Cultivations of Rare Microbes and to Search for New Antimicrobials 5 Ultrahigh-Throughput Enzyme Activity Screening and Selection 6 Conclusions References
Abstract Droplet microfluidics has recently evolved as a prominent platform for high-throughput experimentation for various research fields including microbiology. Key features of droplet microfluidics, like compartmentalization, miniaturization, and parallelization, have enabled many possibilities for microbiology including cultivation of microorganisms at a single-cell level, study of microbial interactions in a community, detection and analysis of microbial products, and screening of extensive microbial libraries with ultrahigh-throughput and minimal reagent consumptions. In this book chapter, we present several aspects and applications of droplet microfluidics for its implementation in various fields of microbial biotechnology. Recent advances in the cultivation of microorganisms in droplets including methods for isolation and domestication of rare microbes are reviewed. Similarly, a
S. Hengoju, S. Buchheim, and M. A. Rosenbaum (*) Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – HansKnöll-Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University (FSU), Jena, Germany e-mail: [email protected] M. Tovar and D. K. W. Man Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – HansKnöll-Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
S. Hengoju et al.
comparison of different detection and analysis techniques for microbial activities is summarized. Finally, several microbial applications are discussed with a focus on exploring new antimicrobials and high-throughput enzyme activity screening. We aim to highlight the advantages, limitations, and current developments in droplet microfluidics for microbial biotechnology while envisioning its enormous potential applications in the future. Graphical Abstract
Keywords Antibiotic screening, Cultivation of rare microbes, Droplet microfluidics, Enzyme screening, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting, Ultrahighthroughput microbial cultivation
1 Introduction Within the rapidly growing field of microfluidics, droplet-based microfluidics refers to systems based on the combination of immiscible phases, which results in the formation of drops of one phase embedded in the other. This simple approach has revolutionized various experimentation platforms as it combines microfluidic miniaturization and ultrahigh-throughput with compartmentalization, one of nature’s (life’s) oldest key strategies. When generating aqueous droplets surrounded by an inert carrier phase, it is possible to reduce the working volume by more than six orders of magnitude, specifically from μL
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