Advances in exogenous RNA delivery techniques for RNAi-mediated pest control
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REVIEW
Advances in exogenous RNA delivery techniques for RNAi‑mediated pest control Olawale Samuel Adeyinka1 · Saman Riaz1 · Nida Toufiq1 · Iqra Yousaf1 · Muhammad Umar Bhatti1 · Anicet Batcho1 · Amos Afolarin Olajide2 · Idrees Ahmad Nasir1 · Bushra Tabassum1 Received: 24 February 2020 / Accepted: 12 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Climate change imposes a great threat to world food security and encourages insect pest proliferation and spreading. Because of these challenges, identifying novel biotechnology pest management and its applications is inevitable. RNA interference (RNAi) is a gene regulatory process used for the maintenance and regulation of host defences against invading viruses. Nevertheless, it is widely used for the analysis of gene function. In recent years, the potential use of RNA interference (RNAi) as a tool for manipulating crop traits, as well as an alternative for crop protection, has undergone outstanding developments. In this review, we describe some genes involved in insect dsRNA uptake and discuss the reasons for varying RNAi response in insect pests, emphasizing the presence of nucleases and double-stranded RNA binding protein. We explore recent breakthroughs in innovative dsRNA delivery for efficient and effective knockdown in insect pests. Conclusively, topical delivery of dsRNA combined with a nanoparticle complex holds great potential for RNAi-mediated pest control. Keywords dsRNA delivery · dsRNA · Nanoparticle complex · Insect pest · Pest management · RNA interference
Introduction RNA suppression was first described by mRNA-interfering complementary RNA (micRNA) in the 1980s by a study on important Escherichia coli structural genes (outer membrane proteins: OmpF and OmpC) [1]. The results from Mizuno et al. [1], revealed that inhibition of OmpF mRNA translation occurred when a long sequence upstream of OmpC complemented the 5′ end region of OmpF mRNA. Similarly, antisense RNA against the lipoprotein mRNA and OmpC mRNA successfully inhibits lipoprotein production and OmpC production, respectively [2]. By the 1990s, evidence of RNA-induced inhibition of protein expression in plants was well documented and was referred to as post-transcriptional gene silencing. The term co-suppression was coined when Napoli and Jorgensen introduced a chalcone synthase gene into petunia plants. Surprisingly, * Olawale Samuel Adeyinka [email protected] 1
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Wesley University of Science and Technology, Ondo City, Nigeria
2
the introduced transgene suppressed the endogenous chalcone synthase gene and produced a colour break in the petunia flower [3]. Similar transgene-induced gene silencing, referred to as quelling, was reported in Neurospora crassa [4]. Andrew Fire and Craig Mello received the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for elucidating the mechanism of RNAi (https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/ medicine/2006/summar y/). RNA silencing is a nucleotide sequence-specif
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