Aerial dispersal of Spongospora subterranea sp. f . subterranea , the causal agent of potato powdery scab
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Aerial dispersal of Spongospora subterranea sp. f. subterranea, the causal agent of potato powdery scab Leah Tsror (Lahkim) Lior Blank
&
Sara Lebiush & Orly Erlich &
Accepted: 21 July 2020 # Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 2020
Abstract Potato powdery scab caused by Spongospora subterranea subsp . subterranea (Sss) causes extensive damage to the quality and marketability of tubers. Disease outbreaks in potatoes grown in virgin soils in south Israel, lead us to the hypothesis that wind-driven inoculum may also be a source of new infections. Wind and ground traps (13 of each type) were positioned near contaminated commercial potato fields with a history of powdery scab in two plots during 2013–14 (‘Nave 5’ and ‘Nave 89’). Quantification of pathogen density in soil/dust was carried out by DNA extraction and qPCR analysis. In ‘Nave 5’ plot, 58 and 45% (December and January, respectively) and 75 and 50% of the ground and wind traps, respectively, were Sss-positive, with no significant differences in Sss concentrations. In ‘Nave 89’ plot, the percentage of Sss-positive traps increased from 31% and 18% in the ground and wind traps, respectively, in February, to 100% in both trap types, in April, with no significant differences. Evaluation of the dispersal distance of Sss inoculum from contaminated fields was examined in soil samples taken from the top layer of the ground in the uncultivated area adjacent to the contaminated commercial potato fields with a history of powdery scab, in two sites (‘Nave 5’ and ‘Shalom 7’) during 2016. All soil samples, taken from uncultivated areas near the infested fields in various L. Tsror (Lahkim) (*) : S. Lebiush : O. Erlich Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Gilat Research Centre, Negev, MP 85280, Israel e-mail: [email protected]
distances of up to 750 m, were Sss positive. This study demonstrated that Sss can be dispersed by wind, particularly in an intensive potato production region where contaminated fields exist. Keywords Solanum tuberosum . Soilborne pathogen . Wind trap . Ground trap . qPCR
Introduction Powdery scab (PS) of potato caused by the soil- and seed-borne plasmodiophorid pathogen Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea (Sss), is an important disease throughout temperate potato-producing areas and also hot and dry areas where irrigation is applied (Tsror et al. 2019a, 2019b; Tsror et al. 2020; Johnson and Cummings 2015). The disease may cause extensive losses and reduces the quality and marketability of seed and ware tubers worldwide (Harrison et al. 1997; Merz and Falloon 2009; Tsror et al. 2016, 2019a; Tsror et al. 2020). The pathogen persists in the soil for many years in the form of agglomerations of resting spores termed sporosori, which are highly resistant to environmental stresses (Harrison et al. 1997; Merz and Falloon 2009) and also through infection cycles on L. Blank Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Volcani
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